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प्रश्न
Describe the general trends in the following properties of the elements in Groups 13 and 14.
Oxidation states
उत्तर
Possible oxidation states Group 13 elements are from +3 to –5. But the stability of +1 oxidation state increases down the group due to inert their effect than the stability of +3 oxidation state.
Similarly, in group 14, The common oxidation states shown by the carbon family are +2 and +4. Due to the inert pair effect, stability of +2 oxidation state increases then the stability of +4.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
If B–Cl bond has a dipole moment, explain why BCl3 molecule has zero dipole moment.
What happens when BF3 is reacted with ammonia?
In the structure of diborane ______.
Explain why the following compounds behave as Lewis acids?
BCl3
When BCl3 is treated with water, it hydrolyses and forms [B[OH]4]– only whereas AlCl3 in acidified aqueous solution forms [Al(H2O)6]3+ ion. Explain what is the hybridisation of boron and aluminium in these species?
Identify the compounds A, X and Z in the following reactions:
\[\ce{A + 2HCl + 5H2O -> 2NaCl + X}\]
Match the species given in Column I with the hybridisation given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Boron in [B(OH)4]– | (a) sp2 |
| (ii) Aluminium in [Al(H2O)6]3+ | (b) sp3 |
| (iii) Boron in B2H6 | (c) sp3d2 |
| (iv) Carbon in Buckminsterfullerene | |
| (v) Silicon in \[\ce{SiO^{4-}4}\] | |
| (vi) Germanium in [GeCl6]2– |
Describe the general trends in the following properties of the elements in Groups 13 and 14.
Ionisation enthalpy
Three pairs of compounds are given below. Identify that compound in each of the pairs which has group 13 element in more stable oxidation state. Give reason for your choice. State the nature of bonding also.
AlCl3 , AlCl
A nonmetallic element of group 13, used in making bullet proof vests is extremely hard solid of black colour. It can exist in many allotropic forms and has unusually high melting point. Its trifluoride acts as Lewis acid towards ammonia. The element exihibits maximum covalency of four. Identify the element and write the reaction of its trifluoride with ammonia. Explain why does the trifluoride act as a Lewis acid.
