Question

Distinguish between Inductive effect and resonance effect.

Answer 1

	Inductive effect	Resonance effect
1.	The presence of a polar covalent bond is required.	The presence of a conjugated π electron system or species having an atom carrying p orbital attached to multiple bonds is required.
2.	The polarity is induced in adjacent carbon-carbon single (covalent) bonds due to the presence of an influencing group (more electronegative atom than carbon).	The polarity is produced in the molecule by the interaction of conjugated π bonds (or that between π bond and p orbital on the adjacent atom).
3.	Depending on the nature of the influencing group it is differentiated as +I effect and -I effect.	Depending on the nature of the influencing group it is differentiated as +R and -R effect.
4.	The direction of the arrow head denotes the direction of the permanent electron displacement.	The delocalisation of π electrons is denoted by using curved arrows.