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प्रश्न
Explain any five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
उत्तर
- Morphological evidences: Morphological evidence is based on the similarity of size, shape or structure of organs among a group of organisms proving that they evolved from the same ancestor.
- Anatomical evidences: Anatomical evidence is the evidence of evolution based on the similarities in the anatomical structure of bones and bony joints in the organs of animals.
- Vestigial organs: Vestigial organs are useless organs that are degenerated or underdeveloped due to non-functionality through several years.
- Paleontological evidences: Paleontological evidence of evolution is based on the study of remnants and impressions of organisms that remain preserved underground as fossils.
- Connecting links: Connecting links are some plants or animals that show morphological characters by which they can be related to two different groups of organisms.
- Embryological evidences: Embryological evidence arises from comparative study of embryological developmental stages of various vertebrates. Embryos of different vertebrates appear similar during the initial stages of development and these similarities gradually decrease as the embryo develops.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Mammals : _________ : : Amphibia : Fishes
State the connecting links between Peripatus with Annelida and Arthopoda.
Which of the following pairs of two vegetables represent the correct homologous structures?
(A) Sweet potato and potato
(B) Sweet potato and tomato
(C) Carrot and potato
(D) Radish and carrot
How analogy and homology considered as an evidence in support of evolution ?
Which of the following is a correct set of homologous organs?
(a) Forelimbs of frog, bird and lizard
(b) Spine of cactus and thorn of bougainvillea
(c) Wings of bat and wings of butterfly
(d) Wings of a bird and wings of a bat
Select and write analogous structures from the list given below :
1) Wings of butterfly and birds
2) Vertebrate hearts
3) Tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita
4) Tubers of sweet potato and potato
Name two animals having homologous organs and two having analogous organs. Name these organs.
The presence of which of the following types of organs in two organisms indicates that they are derived from the same ancestor?
(a) analogous organs
(b) respiratory organs
(c) digestive organs
(d) homologous organs
One pair of organs in the following animals are not homologous. This is :
(a) forelimbs in humans and lizard
(b) forelimbs in lizard and frog
(c) wings in butterfly and bat
(d) wings in bat and bird
There are five animals A, B, C, D and E. The animal A uses its modified forelimbs for flying. The animal B uses its forelimbs for running whereas the animal C uses its forelimbs for grasping. The animal D can live on land as well as in water and uses its forelimbs to prop up the front end of its body when at rest. The animal E which respires by using spiracles and tracheae uses wings for flying but its wings are analogous to the modified forelimbs of animal A.
(a) What could the animals A, B, C, D and E be?
(b) Why are the forelimbs of animals A, B, C, D called homologous organs?
(c) What does the existence of homologous organs in animals A, B, C and D tell us about their ancestors ?
(d) Why are the modified forelimbs of animal A and the wings of animal E called analogous organs?
(e) State whether animals A and E have a common ancestor or not.
Read the following statement and justify same in your own words with the help of suitable example.
There is evidences of fatal science among chordates.
Answer the following question.
Wisdom teeth : Vestigial organs :: Lungfish : ....................
Choose the correct option of the following question:
Wings of Insect and Birds are examples of :
Define phylogeny.
Answer the following question:
What are homologous structures? Give an example. Is it necessary that homologous structures always have a common ancestor? Justify your answer.
Find an odd one out.
The decaying process of C-14 occurs continuously in dead organisms only.
Biogenetic law states that ______.
Select the CORRECT match.
Tendons and ligaments are examples of ______.
Basic principles of embryonic development were pronounced by:
The presence of gill slits, in the embryos of all vertebrates, supports the theory of ______.
Organs having similar functions but different origin and development are known as:
Animal husbandry and plant breeding programmes are the examples of ______.
How do we compute the age of a living tree?
How do we compute the age of a rock?
The evolutionary story of moths in England during industrialisation reveals, that 'evolution is apparently reversible'. Clarify this statement.
I am the connecting link of annelida and arthropoda. What is my name?
What is the function of the appendix of our digestive system?
Find odd one out:
Write down the difference between homologous and analogous organs.
Evolutionary convergence is the development of a ______.
Write a note on the significance of Palaeontology.
Complete the following conceptual picture:
Write names of some vestigial organs in the human body.
