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प्रश्न
Explain optical isomerism in 2-chlorobutane.
उत्तर
- The stereoisomerism in which the isomers have different spatial arrangements of groups/atoms around a chiral atom is called optical isomerism.
- 2-chlorobutane has one chiral carbon atom. The spatial arrangement of the four different groups around the chiral atom is different.
- Structure of 2-chlorobutane and its mirror image can be represented as:
- 2-Chlorobutane cannot superimpose perfectly on its mirror image as shown in the figure. Hence, 2-chlorobutane exhibits optical isomerism.
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a.
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{OH}\phantom{.......}
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.}\\
\ce{Br}\phantom{.}
\end{array}\]
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\[\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2Br}\]
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\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{......}
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{OH}\phantom{.......}
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{Br}
\end{array}\]
c.
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2Br}
\end{array}\]
d.
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\ce{CH3 - CH - CH3 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.........}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.......}
\end{array}\]
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