Question

How unfair trade practices regulated under the Consumer Protection Act? 

Answer 1

An "unfair trade practice" is one that promotes the sale, usage, or supply of goods or services by unfair methods or deceptive techniques, such as:

1. The practice of making any statement, whether orally or in writing or by visible representation which:
   1. Falsely represents that the goods are of a particular standard, quality, quantity, grade, composition, style or model,
   2. Falsely represents that the services are of a particular standard, quality or grade,
   3. Falsely represents any re-built, second-hand, renovated, reconditioned or old goods as new goods,
   4. Represents that the goods or services have sponsorship, approval, performance, characteristics, accessories, uses or benefits which such goods or services do not have,
   5. Represents that the seller or the supplier has a sponsorship or approval of affiliation which such seller or supplier does not have,
   6. Makes a false or misleading representation concerning the need for or the usefulness of any goods or services,
   7. Gives to the public any warranty or guarantee of the performance, efficiency or length of life of a product or of any goods that is not based on an adequate or proper test thereof, provided that where a defence is raised to the effect that such warranty or guarantee is based on adequate or proper test, the burden of proof of such defence shall lie on the person raising such defence,
   8. Makes to the public a representation in a form that purports to be:
      1. A warranty or guarantee of a product or of any goods or services, or 
      2. A promise to replace, maintain or repair an article or any part thereof or to repeat or continue a service until it has achieved a specified result, if such purported warranty or guarantee or promise is materially misleading, or if there is no reasonable prospect that such warranty, guarantee or promise will be carried out,
   9. Materially misleads the public concerning the price at which a product or like products or goods or services, have been or are, ordinarily sold or provided, and, for this purpose, a representation as to price shall be deemed to refer to the price at which the product or goods or services has or have been sold by sellers or provided by suppliers generally in the relevant market unless it is clearly specified to be the price at which the product has been sold or services have been provided by the person by whom or on whose behalf the representation is made,
   10. Gives false or misleading facts disparaging the goods, services or trade of another person.
2. Permits the publication of any advertisement whether in any newspaper or otherwise, for the sale or supply at a bargain price, of goods or services that are not intended to be offered for sale or supply at the bargain price, or for a period that is, and in quantities that are, reasonable, having regard to the nature of the market in which the business is carried on, the nature and size of business, and the nature of the advertisement.
3. Permits:
   1. The offering of gifts, prizes or other items with the intention of not providing them as offered or creating impression that something is being given or offered free of charge when it is fully or partly covered by the amount charged in the transaction as a whole,
   2. The conduct of any contest, lottery, game of chance or skill, for the purpose of promoting, directly or indirectly, the sale, use or supply of any product or any business interest,
   3. Withholding from the participants of any scheme offering gifts, prizes or other items free of charge on its closure, the information about final results of the scheme,
4. Permits the sale or supply of goods intended to be used, or are of a kind likely to be used, by consumers, knowing or having reason to believe that the goods do not comply with the standards prescribed by competent authority relating to performance, composition, contents, design, construction, finishing or packaging as are necessary to prevent or reduce the risk of injury to the person using the goods,
5. Permits the hoarding or destruction of goods, or refuses to sell the goods or to make them available for sale or to provide any service, if such hoarding or destruction of refusal raises or tends to raise or is intended to raise, the cost of those or other similar goods or services.
6. Manufactures spurious goods or offers such goods for sale or adopts deceptive practics in the provision of services.
7. Does not issue bill or cash memo or receipt for the goods sold or services rendered in such manner as may be prescribed.
8. Refuses, after selling goods or rendering services, to take back or withdraw defective goods or to withdraw or discontinue deficient services and to refund the consideration thereof, if paid, within the period stipulated in the bill or cash memo or receipt or in the absence of such stipulation, within a period of thirty days.
9. Discloses to other person any personal information given in confidence by the consumer unless such disclosure is made in accordance with the provisions of any law for the time being in force.