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प्रश्न
Long Answer Question
How would you study the solvency position of the firm?
उत्तर
Solvency position of a firm is studied with the help of the Solvency Ratios. Solvency ratios are the measures of the long-term financial position of the firm in terms of its ability to pay its long-term liabilities. In other words, the solvency of the firm is measured by its ability to pay its long term obligation on the due date. The long term obligations include payments of principal amount on the due date and payments of interests on the regular basis. Long term solvency of any business can be calculated on the basis of the following ratios.
a. Debt-Equity Ratio- It depicts the relationship between the borrowed fund and owner’s funds. The lower the debt-equity ratio higher will be the degree of security to the lenders. A low debt-equity ratio implies that the company can easily meet its long term obligations.
`"Debt-Equity ratio" = "Long-term Debt"/"(Equity / share Holders Fund)"`
Equity or the Shareholders Fund includes Preference Share Capital, Equity Share Capital, Capital Reserve, Securities Premium, General Reserve less Accumulated Loss and Fictitious Assets
b. Total Assets to Debt Ratio- It shows the relationship between the total assets and the long term loans. A high Total Assets to Debt Ratio implies that more assets are financed by the owner’s fund and the company can easily meet its long-term obligations. Thus, a higher ratio implies more security to the lenders.
`" Total Assets to Debt Ratio"= "Total Assets"/ "Long-Term Debt"`
Total Assets includes all fixed and current assets except fictitious assets like, Preliminary Expenses, Underwriting Commission, etc.
Debt includes all long-term loans that are to be repaid after one year. It includes debentures, mortgage loans, bank loans, loans from other financial institutions, etc.
c. Interest Coverage Ratio- This ratio depicts the relationship between amount of profit utilise for paying interest and amount of interest payable. A high Interest Coverage Ratio implies that the company can easily meet all its interest obligations out of its profit.
`"Interest Coverage Ratio" = "Net Profit Before Interest And Tax"/"Interest On Long Term Loans"`
d. Proprietary Ratio- It shows the relationship between the Shareholders Fund and the Total Assets. This ratio reveals the financial position of a business. The higher the ratio the higher will be the degree of safety for the creditors. It is calculated as:
`"Proprietary Ratio" = " Shareholders Fund"/" Total Asssets"or"Equity"/"Total Assets"`
Total Assets includes all fixed and current assets except fictitious assets like, Preliminary Expenses, Underwriting Commission, etc.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Short Answer Question
What are the various types of ratios?
Following is the Balance Sheet of Raj Oil Mills Limited as at March 31, 2017. Calculate Current Ratio.
| Particulars | (Rs) |
| I. Equity and Liabilities: | |
|
1. Shareholders’ funds |
|
|
a) Share capital |
7,90,000 |
|
b) Reserves and surplus |
35,000 |
|
2. Current Liabilities |
|
|
a) Trade Payables |
72,000 |
| Total | 8,97,000 |
| II. Assets | |
|
1. Non-current Assets |
|
|
a) Fixed assets |
|
|
Tangible assets |
7,53,000 |
|
2. Current Assets |
|
|
a) Inventories |
55,800 |
|
b) Trade Receivables |
28,800 |
|
c) Cash and cash equivalents |
59,400 |
| Total | 8,97,000 |
Trade Payables ₹ 50,000, Working Capital ₹ 9,00,000, Current Liabilities ₹ 3,00,000. Calculate Current Ratio.
X Ltd. has Current Ratio of 4.5 : 1 and a Quick Ratio of 3 : 1. If its inventory is ₹ 36,000, find out its total Current Assets and total Current Liabilities.
Calculate Debt to Equity Ratio: Equity Share Capital ₹ 5,00,000; General Reserve ₹ 90,000; Accumulated Profits ₹ 50,000; 10% Debentures ₹ 1,30,000; Current Liabilities ₹ 1,00,000.
Total Assets ₹12,50,000; Total Debts ₹10,00,000; Current Liabilities ₹5,00,000.
Calculate Debt to Equity Ratio.
Total Debt ₹ 60,00,000; Shareholders' Funds ₹ 10,00,000; Reserves and Surplus ₹ 2,50,000; Current Assets ₹ 25,00,000; Working Capital ₹ 5,00,000. Calculate Total Assets to Debt Ratio.
Total Debt ₹12,00,000; Shareholders' Funds ₹2,00,000; Reserves and Surplus ₹50,000; Current Assets ₹5,00,000; Working Capital ₹1,00,000. Calculate Total Assets to Debt Ratio.
If Profit before Interest and Tax is ₹5,00,000 and interest on Long-term Funds is ₹1,00,000, find Interest Coverage Ratio.
Calculate Inventory Turnover Ratio in each of the following alternative cases:
Case 1: Cash Sales 25% of Credit Sales; Credit Sales ₹3,00,000; Gross Profit 20% on Revenue from Operations, i.e., Net Sales; Closing Inventory ₹1,60,000; Opening Inventory ₹40,000.
Case 2: Cash Sales 20% of Total Sales; Credit Sales ₹4,50,000; Gross Profit 25% on Cost; Opening Inventory ₹37,500; Closing Inventory ₹1,12,500.
Closing Trade Receivables ₹ 1,20,000, Revenue from Operations ₹ 14,40,000. Provision for Doubtful Debts ₹ 20,000. Calculate Trade Receivables Turnover Ratio.
From the following information, calculate Operating Ratio:
| Cost of Revenue | Revenue from Operation: | |||
| from Operations (Cost of Goods Sold) | ₹52,000 | Gross Sales | ₹ 88,000 | |
| Operating Expenses | ₹18,000 | Sales Return | ₹ 8,000 |
Revenue from Operations ₹ 4,00,000; Gross Profit Ratio 25%; Operating Ratio 90%. Non-operating Expenses ₹ 2,000; Non-operating Income ₹22,000. Calculate Net Profit Ratio.
Net Profit before Interest and Tax ₹4,00,000; 15% Long-term Debt ₹8,00,000; Shareholders' Funds ₹4,00,000. Calculate Return on Investment.
Inventory Turnover Ratio can be calculated as ______?
Return on Capital Employed or Investment (ROCE or ROI) can be calculated as ______?
Read the following information and answer the given question:
| Year | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| Amount | (in ₹) | (in ₹) | (in ₹) |
| Outstanding Expenses | 50,000 | 40,000 | 25,000 |
| Prepaid Expenses | 3,00,000 | 2,50,000 | 3,50,000 |
| Trade Payables | 18,00,000 | 16,00,000 | 14,00,000 |
| Inventory | 12,00,000 | 10,00,000 | 11,00,000 |
| Trade Receivables | 11,00,000 | 8,00,000 | 10,00,000 |
| Cash in hand | 17,00,000 | 12,00,000 | 15,00,000 |
| Revenue from operations | 24,00,000 | 18,00,000 | 20,00,000 |
| Gross Profit Ratio | 12% | 15% | 18% |
Current Ratio for the year 2020 will be ______. (Choose the correct alternative)
Payment of Income Tax is considered as:
______ ratios are a measure of the speed with which various accounts are converted into sales.
Debt to Capital Employed ratio is 0.3:1. State whether the following transaction, will improve, decline or will have no change on the Debt to Capital Employed Ratio. Also give a reason for the same.
Conversion of Debentures into Equity Shares of ₹ 2,00,000.
