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Question
Define an acid and a base. Give two examples of each.
Solution
Acids: Substances that ionise on dissolving in water producing hydrogen ions (H+ions) are called acids. Acids are sour in taste and they turn blue litmus to red.
Examples: Hydrochloric acid, HCl, and sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
Bases: Substances that ionise on dissolving in water producing hydroxide ions (OH- ions) are called bases. Bases are bitter in taste, slippery to touch and they turn red litmus to blue.
Examples: Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, and sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
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