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Question
Although +3 oxidation states is the characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids but cerium shows +4 oxidation state also. Why?
Solution
The electronic configuration of \[\ce{Ce is -4f^1 5d^1 6s^2}\]. Usually 5d’ and 6s2 electrons are lost by the lanthanoids in their reactions i.e., they exhibit +3 oxidation states. But Ce exhibit +4 oxidation state also because it gains extra stability by losing 4f1 electron because it will give rise to completely filled orbitals.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the lanthanoids?
Name the members of the lanthanoid series which exhibit +4 oxidation state and those which exhibit +2 oxidation state. Try to correlate this type of behavior with the electronic configurations of these elements.
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General electronic configuration of actinoids is `(n-2)f^(1-14)(n - 1)d^(0-2)ns^2`.Which of the following actinoids have one electron in 6d orbital?
(i) U (Atomic no. 92)
(ii) Np (Atomic no.93)
(iii) Pu (Atomic no. 94)
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| Column I | Column II | |
| (i) | Oxidation state of Mn in MnO2 is | (a) + 2 |
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| (iii) | Most stable oxidation state of | (c) + 4 |
| Mn in oxides is | (d) + 5 | |
| (iv) | Characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids is | (e) + 7 |
Match the property given in Column I with the element given in Column II.
| Column I (Property) | Column II (Element) | |
| (i) | Lanthanoid which shows +4 oxidation state |
(a) Pm |
| (ii) | Lanthanoid which can show +2 oxidation state |
(b) Ce |
| (iii) | Radioactive lanthanoid | (c) Lu |
| (iv) | Lanthanoid which has 4f7 electronic configuration in +3 oxidation state |
(d) Eu |
| (v) | Lanthanoid which has 4f14 electronic configuration in +3 oxidation state |
(e) Gd |
| (f) Dy |
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