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Question
Differentiate between
Active and passive immunity
Solution
| Active immunity | Passive immunity |
| It is a type of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens. | It is a type of acquired immunity in which readymade antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. |
| It has a long lasting effect. | It does not have long lasting effect. |
| It is slow. It takes time in producing antibodies and giving responses. | it is fast. It provides immediate relief. |
| Injecting microbes through vaccination inside the body is an example of active immunity. | Transfer of antibodies present in the mother’s milk to the infant is an example of passive immunity. |
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RELATED QUESTIONS
A vast variety of different pathogens or foreign molecules are recognized during acquired immune response. This property is known as ______.
Which type of immunity is confered by colostrum secreted by mammary glands of mother during the initial days of lactation having abundant antibodies (lgA)?
Which type of immunity is developed in a person who has recovered from measles?
Identify the factors involved in innate immunity and choose the correct option.
i. Antibodies
ii. Skin
iii. Tears
iv. Neutrophils
v. T-lymphocytes
vi. Macrophages
vii. lgG
viii. Saliva
The cell-mediated immunity insect the human body is carried out by:
Antibodies in our body are complex:
The yellowish fluid "colostrum" secreted by the mammary glands of the mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (lgA) to protect the infant. This type of immunity is called:
Acquired immunity is due to ______
The substance produced by a cell in viral infection that can protect other cells from further infection is ______.
Antibodies present in colostrum which protect the new born from certain diseases is of ______.
Why is mother's milk considered the most appropriate food for a new born infant?
Vaccines prepared by genetic engineering are safe to man because they are ______.
| When a microorganism invades a host, a definite sequence of events usually occurs leading to infection and disease, causing suffering to the host. This process is called pathogenesis. Once a microorganism overcomes the defence system of the host, development of the disease follows a certain sequence of events as shown in the graph. Study the graph given below for the sequence of events leading to the appearance of a disease and answer the questions that follow: |
(a) In which period, according to the graph there are maximum chances of a person transmitting a disease/infection and why? (1)
(b) Study the graph and write what is an incubation period. Name a sexually transmitted disease that can be easily transmitted during this period. Name the specific type of lymphocytes that are attacked by the pathogen of this disease. (2)
OR
(b) Draw a schematic labelled diagram of an antibody. (2)
(c) In which period, the number of immune cells forming antibodies will be the highest in a person suffering from pneumonia? Name the immune cells that produce antibodies. (1)
Give one difference between the following pair:
Sites of maturation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
A patient was given an anti-retroviral drug by the doctor.
Which disease was the patient diagnosed with?
A patient was given an anti-retroviral drug by the doctor.
What is the role of Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase in the life cycle of a retrovirus?
| Robert was suffering from chronic renal failure. At the doctors’ recommendation of transplantation of kidney received from a healthy donor, Robert underwent kidney transplant. However, after two weeks, the transplanted kidney was rejected by the immune system of Robert. |
- Identify and define the type of immune response that is responsible for the rejection of the grafted organ.
- Suggest a clinical method by which the rejection of the transplanted organ can be prevented.
The following is well-known abbreviation, which have been used in this chapter. Expand to its full form:
CMI
