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Question
Discuss any four consequences of the Yom Kippur War (1973).
Solution
Consequences of the Yom Kippur War (1973):
- Israeli Casualties and Political Fallout: Due to the high number of Israeli losses in the conflict, the government's lack of readiness was widely criticised. Significant political shifts followed, such as Prime Minister Golda Meir's resignation and the end of the Labour Party's long-standing dominance in Israeli politics.
- Enhanced Prestige for Sadat and Peace with Israel: Egypt's early military victories raised Sadat's profile despite setbacks, allowing him to pursue peace initiatives with Israel. This ultimately resulted in the landmark 1979 peace accord, which was the first of its kind between Israel and an Arab state.
- Syria's Isolation: Syria suffered greatly from the war, especially after Egypt and Israel unexpectedly agreed to a ceasefire, which left Syria exposed. The ensuing military defeat and Egypt's peace accord with Israel afterward exacerbated Syria's isolation, which ultimately led to its expulsion from the Arab League in 1979.
- Oil Embargo and Global Impact: The Arab oil-producing governments instituted an oil embargo in retaliation to Western support for Israel, which drastically reduced oil supply to the United governments and Western Europe. This move demonstrated the global implications of the Middle East conflict, in addition to highlighting the geopolitical significance of oil and triggering a major energy crisis.
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