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Question
In the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East, discuss the following:
(a) The role of Anwar Sadat in the signing of the Camp David Accord (1979).
Solution
After the Yom Kippur War of 1973, the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat realised the power of Israel and was convinced that they could not be destroyed by force. He understood that negotiations and peace settlement with Israel were necessary.
He wanted to win back the Support of America for the Arabs. It was America who could talk and convince Israel to make peace with Arabs.
He was the first Arab to meet the Israelis face to face for a peace talk. It took him immense courage to do so as he knew that such PLO and the other aggressive Arab states, Iraq and Syria would be against him for taking such a step. However, he took the bold step to meet them at Knesset, the Israeli Parliament.
The Israelis were suffering from economic problems due to their immense defense expenditures and partly because of the world recession. The Arabs also were facing similar problems. America was pressurizing Israel to settle disputes with some Arab states.
When Sadat offered to visit Israel, they accepted. Sadat visited Israel in November 1977, and the Israeli Prime Minister, Menahem Begin visited Egypt the following month.
US President, Jimmy Carter took the initiative for a formal negotiation between the two countries at a place called Camp David near Washington. The treaty was signed in March 1979 following ten days of secret negotiations.
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