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Question
Distinguish between book keeping and accounting.
Solution
| Basis | Book keeping | Accounting |
| Nature | Bookkeepers do clerical duties. | An accountant's profession requires both analytical skills and creativity. |
| Scope | Book keeping is primarily concerned with recording transactions. | Accounting is the classification, summary, analysis, and presentation of information. |
RELATED QUESTIONS
Write a note on the trading account.
Prepare trading account in the books of Mr. Sanjay for the year ended 31st December 2017:
| Particulars | ₹ | Particulars | ₹ |
| Opening stock | 570 | Purchases | 15,800 |
| Sales | 26,200 | Purchases returns | 90 |
| Sales returns | 60 | Closing stock | 860 |
From the following balances taken from the books of Saravanan, calculate gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2017.
| Particulars | ₹ | Particulars | ₹ |
| Opening stock | 1,50,000 | Net sales during the year | 4,00,000 |
| Direct expenses | 8,000 | Net purchases during the year | 1,50,000 |
| Closing Stock | 25,000 |
Closing stock appears in the Final Accounts in the ______.
Gross Profit/loss is transferred from ______.
The following is the trial balance obtained from the books of Mr. G. Vishwanath as on 30th June, 2019:
| Debit (₹) | Credit (₹) | |
| Capital | 50,000 | |
| Drawings | 1,000 | |
| Stock as on 1.7.2018 | 28,000 | |
| Loose Tools as on 1.7.2018 | 1,000 | |
| Sundry Debtors and Sundry Creditors | 25,000 | 15,000 |
| Purchases and Sales | 90,000 | 1,72,000 |
| Returns | 750 | 550 |
| Discounts | 250 | 300 |
| Land and Building | 88,000 | |
| Salaries and Wages | 33,000 | |
| Carriage Inward | 1,200 | |
| Carriage Outward | 1,500 | |
| Insurance | 1,000 | |
| Commission | 18,550 | |
| Cash in Hand | 1,700 | |
| Bank Overdraft | 20,000 | |
| Advertisement | 2,000 | |
| Bills Receivable and Bills Payable | 7,500 | 5,500 |
| 2,81,900 | 2,81,900 |
You are required to prepare Mr. Vishwanath's trading account and profit and loss account for the period ended 30 June, 2019 and a balance sheet as on that date after taking into account the following adjustments.
- Stock valued on 30.6.2019 at ₹ 25,000.
The following is the Trial Balance of Mr. V. Iyer for the year ended 31st December, 2018. Compile the final accounts for him, after incorporating the adjustments given.
| Dr. (₹) | Cr. (₹) | |
| 10% Loan on Mortgage of Premises | 34,000 | |
| Machinery | 50,000 | |
| Debtors and Creditors | 24,000 | 21,400 |
| Loose Tools | 5,000 | |
| Premises (owner built and mortgaged) | 75,000 | |
| Capital Invested and Cash Drawn | 4,000 | 1,00,000 |
| Stock (1.1.2018) | 18,000 | |
| Sales Against Cash | 48,000 | |
| Sales Against Credit | 72,000 | |
| Salaries | 10,000 | |
| Wages | 4,000 | |
| Carriage Outward | 2,000 | |
| Bad Debts Written off | 500 | |
| Royalty (Direct Expenses) | 3,000 | |
| Cash and Bank Balances | 6,000 | |
| Rent Paid | 5,000 | |
| Commissions | 400 | 500 |
| Purchases (Cash and Credit) and Returns | 66,000 | 6,000 |
| Rates and Taxes | 3,000 | |
| Miscellaneous Expenses | 6,000 | |
| 2,81,900 | 2,81,900 |
Closing stock is valued at ₹ 50,000.
The following is the trial balance of Mr. P. Crooke as on 31.03.2018.
| Debit (₹) | Credit (₹) | |
| Stock at Start | 30,000 | |
| Fuel & Gas | 5,600 | |
| Capital & Drawings | 8,000 | 3,50,000 |
| Debtors | 30,000 | |
| Bills Receivable & Payable | 12,000 | 8,000 |
| Additional Drawings (other than cash) | 4,000 | |
| Carriage | 9,000 | |
| Purchases & Sales | 1,90,000 | 3,40,000 |
| Bank Accounts | 15,000 | 5,000 |
| Creditors | 16,000 | |
| Returns | 5,000 | 20,000 |
| Office Administrative Expenses | 44,000 | |
| Loans (given & borrowed) | 10,000 | 1,00,000 |
| Petty Cash & Cash Balances | 2,000 | |
| Postage & Telegrams | 900 | |
| Printing & Stationery | 7,500 | |
| Wages | 20,000 | |
| Salaries | 14,000 | |
| Land | 1,50,000 | |
| Factory & Office Premises | 80,000 | |
| Machineries | 2,10,000 | |
| Commission | 8,000 | |
| 8,47,000 | 8,47,000 |
Compile the final accounts for the owner, after attending to the adjustment given below.
Adjustment:
- Stock in the Godown as on 31.3.2018 is ₹ 35,000.
From the following Trial Balance of Rinky, prepare a Trading Account and a Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31.12.2018 and a Balance Sheet on that date.
| TRIAL BALANCE | |||
| Dr. (₹) | Cr. (₹) | ||
| Building | 20,000 | Capital Account | 25,000 |
| Depreciation on above | 1,000 | Provision for Depreciation on Machinery on 1.1.2018 | 800 |
| Machinery | 6,800 | Creditors | 12,000 |
| Furniture | 2,000 | Bank Loan | 6,000 |
| Drawings | 1,500 | Sales | 53,000 |
| Debtors | 8,000 | Outstanding Carriage Inward | 200 |
| Cash | 1,600 | ||
| Opening Stock | 5,000 | ||
| Purchase | 31,000 | ||
| Wages | 3,000 | ||
| Carriage Inwards | 400 | ||
| Salary | 4,000 | ||
| Prepaid Salary | 1,000 | ||
| Advertisement | 300 | ||
| Insurance | 3,500 | ||
| Packing Materials | 7,900 | ||
| 97,000 | 97,000 | ||
Closing Stock ₹ 15,000.
From the following Trail Balance of A.B. Chandra as on 31st December, 2019.
| TRIAL BALANCE of A.B. Chandra As on 31.12.2019 | |||
| Particulars | Amount (Dr.) | Particulars | Amount (Cr.) |
| Cash in Hand | 2,000 | Discount Received | 750 |
| Drawings | 2,800 | Capital | 40,000 |
| Opening Stock (01/01/2018) | 4,000 | Purchases Returns | 1,250 |
| Wages | 2,000 | Sales | 83,000 |
| Cash at Bank | 3,500 | Creditors | 15,000 |
| Insurance | 700 | Bank Loan | 10,000 |
| Trade Expenses | 1,200 | ||
| Furniture | 20,000 | ||
| Buildings | 61,000 | ||
| Salaries | 5,000 | ||
| Discount Allowed | 750 | ||
| Sales Returns | 3,000 | ||
| Purchases | 31,250 | ||
| Debtors | 10,000 | ||
| Telephone Charges | 1,000 | ||
| Bills Receivable | 1,800 | ||
| 1,50,000 | 1,50,000 | ||
The closing stock was valued at ₹ 12,000.
You are required to prepare a Trading Account and a Profit and Loss Account for the year ending 31st December 2019 and a Balance Sheet as on 31st December, 2019.
