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Question
Explain briefly how +2 states become more and more stable in the first half of the first-row transition elements with increasing atomic numbers.
Solution
In the elements of the first half of the first row, with the removal of valance 4s electrons (+2 oxidation state) the 3d orbital gets gradually occupied. Since the number of empty d orbital decreases, the stability of the cations (M2+) increases from Sc2+ to Mn2+.
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