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Questions
Explain the conditions of consumer’s equilibrium using indifference curve analysis.
Explain the conditions of consumer’s equilibrium under indifference curve approach
Explain the conditions of consumer's equilibrium with the help of the indifference curve analysis.
State the conditions of consumer's equilibrium in the Indifference Curve Analysis and explain the rationale behind these conditions
Solution
Conditions of consumer’s equilibrium using indifference curve analysis:
A consumer will strike his equilibrium at the point where the budget line is tangent to an indifference curve.
Slope of IC = Slope of price line
`|(-dy)/dx|=|MRS|=|(-P_1)/P_2|`
Equality of marginal rate of substitution and ratio of prices: When the budget lines is tangent to an indifference curve at a point, the absolute value of the slope of the indifference curve and of the budget line are equal at that point, i.e. MRS is equal to the price ratio. The slope of the budget line is the rate at which the consumer can substitute one good for the other in the market. At the optimum, the two rates should be the same.
Thus, a point at which the MRS is greater, the price ratio cannot be optimum, and when the MRS is less than the price, the ratio cannot be optimum.
The equilibrium can be represented as follows:
In the diagram, Point E shows the consumer’s equilibrium where the budget line is tangent to the indifference curve. Consumers’ desire to purchase correspond to the consumer originally purchase, i.e. x1*, x2* shows the optimum bundle.
Consumer does not reach equilibrium condition at the following points:
At Point B: `MRS> - (-P_1)/P_2`
At Point A: `MRS> - (-P_1)/P_2`
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Explain the three properties of the indifference curves.
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Explain why an indifference curve is downward sloping from left to right.
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| (1) Demand Curve | (a) Downward sloping |
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| (3) Marginal Utility Curve | (c) L shaped curve |
| (4) Total Utility Curve | (d) Y shaped curve |
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:
| The ordinal list revolution originates in the criticism of the psychological foundations of the theory of demand, namely, the principle of decreasing marginal utility as Alfred Marshall ([1890] 1898) used it. The rejection of hedonist hypotheses led Irving Fisher (1892) and Pareto (1896-97, 1900, 1909) to favour an objective or "positive" approach to economic concepts. The "ordinal list revolution" (Omarzabal 1995, 116) is grounded in a methodological transformation of economics that put the facts of objective experience as a foundation of economics and provided a research program for the ensuing years (Green and Moss 1993; Lewin 1996). Mathematically, ordinalism is entirely based upon the idea that one can dispense with the use of a specific utility function and that no meaning shall be attached to utility measurement, except as an ordinal principle. Clearly, the development of ordinalism must be separated from the introduction of the concept of the indifference curve. Ordinalism was first advocated in Fisher's "Mathematics Investigations" (1892) and Pareto's Sunto (1900) and Manual ([1909] 1971), while the indifference curve had appeared in F. Y. Edge Worth's Mathematical Psychics (1881). It was thus only through Fisher's and Pareto's recasting that the concept of the indifference curve became irreversibly associated with the promotion of ordinalism. Along the way, the recasting of the theory of choice along ordinal list lines raised a number of issues (about integrability, measurability, and complementarity) that would be progressively settled. The reasonable closing date for the ordinalist revolution is 1950, after Houthakker's (1950) and Samuelson's (1950) contributions. From the late 1920s, the Paretian school was progressively gaining a larger audience while the use of the concept of marginal utility and other derivative concepts was challenged. Consequently, demand theory was recast along with the principles of individual preferences and ordinal utility functions. Nevertheless, English authors proved very silent about the meaning of indifference curves. Most if not all of the reflections after 1920 about the nature of indifference curves took place in America, mainly under the impulse of Henry Schultz at Chicago. This is an American story. |
How is utility measured in Ordinal utility theory?
Assertion (A): A lower indifference curve represents a higher level of satisfaction.
Reason (R): According to the Indifference Curve Approach, utility is an ordinal concept, that is, it can be ranked and not measured.
Which of these is not a property of indifference curve?
"Higher indifference curve represents fewer quantities of one or both goods, a higher indifference curve shows higher utility level." Choose the correct option for the above mentioned statement:
Identify the correct pair of items from the following Columns I and II:
| Column I | Column II |
| (1) Monotonic Preferences | (a) Consumer preferences are called monotonic when between any three bundles, consumers always choose a bundle having more of one good and no less of other goods. |
| (2) Indifference Set | (b) It is a set of those divisions of two goods that offer the consumer the same level of satisfaction so that the consumer is indifferent across any number of combinations in his indifference set. |
| (3) Indifference Curve | (c) It is a curve showing the different combinations of two goods, each combination offering the same level of satisfaction to the consumer. |
| (4) Indifference Map | (d) It refers to a set of indifference curves placed in different diagrams for the same type of goods. |
Indifference curve is:
Which of the following statements are incorrect?
