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Questions
Explain the implications of the following in a perfectly competitive market :
Homogeneous products.
In a perfectly competitive market, the buyers treat products of all the firms as homogeneous. Explain the significance of this feature
Solution
In a perfectly competitive market, buyers will treat the products of all the firms in the market as homogeneous. There is zero degree of product differentiation and the firm cannot take any control of the price. Here, the firm does not involve in advertisement and sales promotion activities. Hence, uniform price prevails in a perfectly competitive market for homogeneous products.
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PASSAGE
In India, markets for automobiles, cement, steel, aluminium, etc, are the examples of oligopolistic market. In all these markets, there are few firms for each particular product. Duopoly is a special case of oligopoly, in which there are exactly two sellers. Under duopoly, it is assumed that the product sold by the two firms is homogeneous and there is no substitute for it. Examples where two companies control a large proportion of a market are: (i) Pepsi and Coca-Cola in the soft drink market; (ii) Airbus and Boeing in the commercial large jet aircraft market.
Operating systems for smart phones and computers provide excellent examples of oligopolies in big tech. Apple iOS and Google Android dominate smart phone operating systems. Computer operating systems are overshadowed by Apple and Microsoft Windows.
- Give examples of oligopolistic market in India (1 mark)
- Explain the concept of duopoly with a suitable example from the passage (1 mark)
- Express your personal opinion based on the above information (2 marks)
