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Question
Explain the following:
Gallium has higher ionisation enthalpy than aluminium.
Solution
Due to ineffective shielding of valence electrons by the intervening 3d electrons, the effective nuclear charge on Ga is slightly higher than that on A1 and hence the ∆Hi of gallium is slightly higher than that of Al. Boron has three electrons in the valence shell. Because of its small size and high sum of the first three ionisation enthalpies.
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