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Question
Explain the glycolysis in detail.
Solution
Glycolysis was first described by Embden, Meyerhof, and Parnas, and it is commonly referred to as the EMP pathway. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is found in all living organisms.
In glycolysis, a molecule of glucose (6-carbon) undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid (3-carbon each). This process is energy-yielding, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.
The pyruvic acid formed can:
- Enter the Krebs cycle (aerobic respiration) if oxygen is present, where further energy is extracted.
- Undergo fermentation (anaerobic respiration) if oxygen is absent, resulting in the formation of lactate or ethanol, depending on the organism.
The steps involved in the partial oxidation of glucose to form pyruvate are as follows:
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