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Question
Give a brief account of Mechanism of synaptic transmission.
Solution
Mechanisms of synaptic transmission
synapse is a junction between two neurons. It is present between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of next neuron, separated by a cleft.
There are two types of synaptic transmission.
- Chemical transmission
- Electrical transmission
1. Chemical transmission:
- When a nerve impulse reaches the end plate of the axon, it releases a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) across the synaptic cleft. This chemical is synthesised in the cell body of the neuron and is transported to the axon terminal.
- The acetylcholine diffuses across the cleft and binds to the receptors present on the membrane of the next neuron. This causes depolarization of membrane and initiates an action potential.
2. Electrical transmission:
- In this type of transmission, an electric current is formed in the neuron. This electric current generates an action potential and leads to the transmission of nerve impulses across the nerve fibre.
- This represents a faster method of nerve conduction than the chemical method of transmission.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
Compare the following:
Resting potential and action potential
Explain the following process:
Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse
Long answer question.
Explain the process of conduction of nerve impulses up to the development of action potential.
Give function of astrocytes in nervous system.
Dendrites transmit impulse ______ cell body and axon transmit impulse ______ cell body.
Which ions is the resting membrane more permeable to?
What is the average potential difference across the nerve cell membrane?
Under which of the following conditions will the ionic gradients across the resting membrane be maintained?
Which of the following is TRUE for the external tissue fluid in polarized state?
Which of the following situations is responsible for resting membrane potential?
Identify the value of action potential.
Identify the correct path of transmission of nerve impulse.
Which of the following statements is TRUE for medullated nerve fibre?
When stimulus is applied to a membrane of neuron, it causes rapid influx of ____________.
Potential difference across resting membrane is negative. This is due to differential distribution of the following ions ______.
During resting potential, the axonal membrane is polarised, indicate the movement of +ve and –ve ions leading to polarisation diagrammatically.
Complete the statement by choosing appropriate match among the following -
| a. Resting potential | i. Chemicals involved in the transmission of impulses at synapses. |
| b. Nerve impulse | ii. Gap between the pre synaptic and post synaptic neurons |
| c. Synaptic cleft | iii. Electrical potential difference across the resting neural membrane |
| d. Neurotransmitters | iv. An electrical wave like response of a neuron to a stimulation |
Explain the process of the transport and release of a neurotransmitter with the help of a labelled diagram showing a complete neuron, axon terminal and synapse.
