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Question
Name the device which is used as a voltage regulator. Draw the necessary circuit diagram and explain its working?
Solution
Zener diode is used as a voltage regulator.
Voltage regulator converts an unregulated dc voltage into a constant regulated dc voltage using Zener diode. The unregulated voltage is connected to the Zener diode through a series resistance RS such that the Zener diode is reverse biased. If the input voltage increases, the current through RSand Zener diode increases. Thus the voltage drop across RS increases without any change in the voltage drop across Zener diode. This is because in the breakdown region, Zener voltage remain constant even though the current through Zener diode changes.
Similarly, if the input voltage decreases, the current through RS and Zener diode decreases. The voltage drop across RS decreases without any change in the voltage across the Zener diode.
Thus any change in input voltage results the change in voltage drop across RS without any change in voltage across the Zener Diode.
Thus, Zener diode acts as a voltage regulator.
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