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Question
The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the Lanthanoids. Justify this statement by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements.
Solution
The oxidation states of lanthanoids are +2, +3 and +4. Of these, +3 is the most common state. The limited number of oxidation states is due to the large energy difference between the 4f, 5d and 6s sub-orbitals. In contrast, actinoids show many oxidation states, such as +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 and +7, although their most common state is +3. This is because there is a small energy difference between the 5f, 6d and 7s sub-orbitals.
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