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Question
What happens when ethanol is heated at 443K in the presence of conc. H2SO4? Write the role of conc. H2SO4 in this case.
Solution
Reaction to give unsaturated hydrocarbon: Heating ethanol at 443 K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid results in the dehydration of ethanol to give ethene –
\[\ce{CH3-CH2OH ->[Hot Conc{.}][443K H2SO4]CH2 = CH2 + H2O}\]
The concentrated sulphuric acid can be regarded as a dehydrating agent which removes water from ethanol.
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