NCERT solutions for Accountancy - Not-for-profit Organisation and Partnership Accounts [English] Class 12 chapter 2 - Accounting for Partnership : Basic Concepts [Latest edition]

Define Partnership Deed.

Why it is considered desirable to make the partnership agreement in writing.

List the items which may be debited or credited in the capital accounts of the partners when:

(i) Capitals are fixed

(ii) Capitals are fluctuating

Why is Profit and Loss Adjustment Account prepared? Explain.

Give two circumstances under which the fixed capitals of partners may change.

If a fixed amount is withdrawn on the first day of every quarter, for what period

the interest on total amount withdrawn will be calculated?

In the absence of partnership deed, specify the rules relating to the following: 

(i) Sharing of profits and losses.

(ii) Interest on partner’s capital.

(iii) Interest on Partner’s drawings.

(iv) Interest on Partner’s loan

(v) Salary to a partner.

What is partnership? 

What are the partnership's chief characteristics? Explain.

Discuss the main provisions of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 that are relevant to partnership accounts if there is no partnership deed.

Explain why it is considered better to make a partnership agreement in writing.

Illustrate how interest on drawings will be calculated under various situations.

How will you deal with a change in the profit sharing ratio among existing partners?

Take imaginary figures to illustrate your answer?

Anubha and Kajal are partners of a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:1. Their capital, were Rs 90,000 and Rs 60,000. The profit during the year were Rs 45,000. According to partnership deed, both partners are allowed salary, Rs 700 per month to Anubha and Rs 500 per month to Kajal. Interest allowed on capital @ 5% p.a. The drawings at the end of the period were Rs 8,500 for Anubha and Rs 6,500 for Kajal. Interest is to be charged @ 5% p.a. on drawings. Prepare partners capital accounts, assuming that the capital account are fluctuating.

Harshad and Dhiman are in partnership since April 01, 2019. No Partnership agreement was made. They contributed Rs 4,00,000 and 1,00,000 respectively as capital. In addition, Harshad advanced an amount of Rs 1,00,000 to the firm, on October 01, 2019. Due to long illness, Harshad could not participate in business activities from August 1, to September 30, 2016. The profits for the year ended March 31, 2020 amounted to Rs 1,80,000. Dispute has arisen between Harshad and Dhiman.

Harshad Claims:
(i)    He should be given interest @ 10% per annum on capital and loan; 
(ii)   Profit should be distributed in proportion of capital;

Dhiman Claims: 
(i)    Profits should be distributed equally; 
(ii)   He should be allowed Rs 2,000 p.m. as remuneration for the period he managed the business, in the absence of Harshad;
(iii)  Interest on Capital and loan should be allowed @ 6% p.a.
You are required to settle the dispute between Harshad and Dhiman. Also prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Aakriti and Bindu entered into partnership for making garment on April 01, 2019 without any Partnership agreement. They introduced Capitals of Rs 5,00,000 and Rs 3,00,000 respectively on October 01, 2019. Aakriti Advanced. Rs 20,000 by way of loan to the firm without any agreement as to interest.  Profit and Loss account for the year ended March 2020 showed profit of Rs 43,000. Partners could not agree upon the question of interest and the basis of division of profit. You are required to divide the profits between them giving reason for your solution.

Rakhi and Shikha are partners in a firm, with capitals of Rs 2,00,000 and Rs 3,00,000 respectively. The profit of the firm, for the year ended 2016-17 is Rs 23,200. As per the Partnership agreement, they share the profit in their capital ratio, after allowing a salary of Rs 5,000 per month to Shikha and interest on Partner’s capital at the rate of 10% p.a. During the year Rakhi withdrew Rs 7,000 and Shikha Rs 10,000 for their personal use. You are required to prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account and Partner’s Capital Accounts.

Lokesh and Azad are partners sharing profits in the ratio 3:2, with capitals of Rs 50,000 and Rs 30,000, respectively. Interest on capital is agreed to be paid @ 6% p.a. Azad is allowed a salary of Rs 2,500 p.a. During 2016, the profits prior to the calculation of interest on capital but after charging Azad’s salary amounted to Rs 12,500. A provision of 5% of profits is to be made in respect of manager’s commission. Prepare accounts showing the allocation of profits and partner’s capital accounts.

The partnership agreement between Maneesh and Girish provides that : 

1. Profits will be shared equally;
2. Maneesh will be allowed a salary of Rs 400 p.m;
3. Girish who manages the sales department will be allowed a commission equal to 10% of the net profits, after allowing Maneesh’s salary;
4. 7% interest will be allowed on partner’s fixed capital;
5. 5% interest will be charged on partner’s annual drawings;
6. The fixed capitals of Maneesh and Girish are Rs 1,00,000 and Rs 80,000, respectively.
   Their annual drawings were Rs 16,000 and 14,000, respectively. The net profit for the year ending March 31, 2019 amounted to Rs 40,000; 
   Prepare firm’s Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Ram, Raj and George are partners sharing profits in the ratio 5 : 3 : 2. According to the partnership agreement George is to get a minimum amount of Rs 10,000 as his share of profits every year. The net profit for the year 2013 amounted to Rs 40,000. Prepare the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Amann, Babita and Suresh are partners in a firm. Their profit sharing ratio is 2:2:1. Suresh is guaranteed a minimum amount of Rs 10,000 as share of profit, every year. Any deficiency on that account shall be met by Babita. The profits for two years ending March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2017 were Rs 40,000 and Rs 60,000, respectively. Prepare the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account for the two years.

Simmi and Sonu are partners in a firm, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:1. The profit and loss account of the firm for the year ending March 31, 2020 shows a net profit of Rs 1,50,000. Prepare the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account by taking into consideration the following information:

1. Partners capital on April 1, 2019;
   Simmi, Rs 30,000; Sonu, Rs 60,000;
2. Current accounts balances on April 1, 2016,
   Simmi, Rs 30,000 (cr.); Sonu, Rs 15,000 (cr.);
3. Partners drawings during the year amounted to
   Simmi, Rs 20,000; Sonu, Rs 15,000;
4. Interest on capital was allowed @ 5% p.a.;
5. Interest on drawing was to be charged @ 6% p.a. at an average of six months;
6. Partners’ salaries: Simmi Rs 12,000 and Sonu Rs 9,000. Also show the partners’ current accounts.

Arvind and Anand are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio 8 : 3 : 1 Balances in their capital accounts on April 01, 2019 were, Arvind- Rs. 4,40,000 and Anand Rs. 2,60,000. As per their agreement, partners were entitled to interest on capital @ 5% p.a., and interest on drawings was to be charged @ 6% p.a. Arvind was allowed an annual salary of Rs. 35,000/- for the additional responsibilities taken up by him. Partners drawings for the year were, I Arvind Rs. 40,000 and Anand Rs. 28,000. Profit and loss account of the firm for the year ending March 31, 2020 showed a Net Loss of Rs. 32,400. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Ramesh and Suresh were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of their capitals contributed on commencement of business which were Rs 80,000 and Rs 60,000 respectively. The firm started business on April 1, 2016. According to the partnership agreement, interest on capital and drawings are 12% and 10% p.a., respectively. Ramesh and Suresh are to get a monthly salary of Rs 2,000 and Rs 3,000, respectively.
The profits for year ended March 31, 2017 before making above appropriations was Rs 1,00,300. The drawings of Ramesh and Suresh were Rs 40,000 and Rs 50,000, respectively. Interest on drawings amounted to Rs 2,000 for Ramesh and Rs 2,500 for Suresh. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account and partners’ capital accounts, assuming that their capitals are fluctuating.

Sukesh and Vanita were partners in a firm. Their partnership agreement provides that:

1. Profits would be shared by Sukesh and Vanita in the ratio of 3:2;
2. 5% interest is to be allowed on capital;
3. Vanita should be paid a monthly salary of Rs 600.

The following balances are extracted from the books of the firm on March 31, 2017.

Net profit for the year, before charging interest on capital and after charging partner’s salary was Rs 9,500. Prepare the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account and the Partner’s Current Accounts.

Rahul, Rohit and Karan started partnership business on April 1, 2019 with capitals of Rs 20,00,000, Rs 18,00,000 and Rs 16,00,000, respectively. The profit for the year ended March 2020 amounted to Rs 1,35,000 and the partner’s drawings had been Rahul Rs 50,000, Rohit Rs 50,000 and Karan Rs 40,000. The profits are distributed among partner’s in the ratio of 3:2:1. Calculate the interest on capital @ 5% p.a.

Sunflower and Pink Rose started partnership business on April 01, 2016 with capitals of Rs 2,50,000 and Rs 1,50,000, respectively. On October 01, 2016, they decided that their capitals should be Rs 2,00,000 each. The necessary adjustments in the capitals are made by introducing or withdrawing cash. Interest on capital is to be allowed @ 10% p.a. Calculate interest on capital as on March 31, 2017.

On March 31, 2017 after the close of accounts, the capitals of Mountain, Hill and Rock stood in the books of the firm at Rs 4,00,000, Rs 3,00,000 and Rs 2,00,000, respectively. Subsequently, it was discovered that the interest on capital @ 10% p.a. had been omitted. The profit for the year amounted to Rs 1,50,000 and the partner’s drawings had been Mountain: Rs 20,000, Hill Rs 15,000 and Rock Rs 10,000. Calculate interest on capital.

Following is the extract of the Balance Sheet of, Neelkant and Mahdev as on March 31, 2020:

Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2017

During the year Mahadev’s drawings were Rs 30,000. Profits during 2016-17 is Rs 10,00,000. Calculate interest on capital @ 5% p.a for the year ending March 31, 2020.

Rishi is a partner in a firm. He withdrew the following amounts during the year ended March 31, 2020.

Interest on drawings is charged @ 9% p.a. Calculate interest on drawings.

The capital accounts of Moli and Golu showed balances of Rs 40,000 and Rs 20,000 as on April 01, 2019. They shared profits in the ratio of 3:2. They allowed interest on capital @ 10% p.a. and interest on drawings, @ 12 p.a. Golu advanced a loan of Rs 10,000 to the firm on August 01, 2019. During the year, Moli withdrew Rs 1,000 per month at the beginning of every month whereas Golu withdrew Rs 1,000 per month at the end of every month. Profit for the year, before the above mentioned adjustments was Rs 20,950. Calculate interest on drawings show distribution of profits and prepare partner’s capital accounts.

Rakesh and Roshan are partners, sharing profits in the ratio of 3:2 with capitals of Rs 40,000 and Rs 30,000, respectively.

They withdrew from the firm the following amounts, for their personal use: 

Interest is to be charged @ 6% p.a. Calculate interest on drawings, assuming that book of account are closed on March 31, 2020, every year.

Himanshu withdrews Rs 2,500 at the end Month of each month. The Partnership deed provides for charging the interest on drawings @ 12% p.a. Calculate interest on Himanshu’s drawings for the year ending 31st December, 2017.

Bharam is a partner in a firm. He withdraws Rs 3,000 at the starting of each month for 12 months. The books of the firm closes on March 31 every year. Calculate interest on drawings if the rate of interest is 10% p.a.

Raj and Neeraj are partners in a firm. Their capitals as on April 01, 2019 were Rs 2,50,000 and Rs 1,50,000, respectively. They share profits equally. On July 01, 2019, they decided that their capitals should be Rs 1,00,000 each. The necessary adjustment in the capitals were made by introducing or withdrawing cash by the partners’. Interest on capital is allowed @ 8% p.a. Compute interest on capital for both the partners for the year ending on March 31, 2020.

Harish is a partner in a firm. He withdrew the following amounts during the year 2017 :

Interest on drawings is to be charged @ 7.5 % p.a.

Calculate the amount of interest to be charged on Harish’s drawings for the year ending December 31, 2017.

Menon and Thomas are partners in a firm. They share profits equally. Their monthly drawings are Rs 2,000 each. Interest on drawings is to be charged @ 10% p.a. Calculate interest on Menon’s drawings for the year 2006, assuming that money is withdrawn:

1. at the beginning of every month,
2. at the middle of every month, and
3. at the end of every month.

On March 31, 2017, after the close of books of accounts, the capital accounts of Ram, Shyam and Mohan showed balance of Rs 24,000 Rs 18,000 and Rs 12,000, respectively. It was later discovered that interest on capital @ 5% had been omitted. The profit for the year ended March 31, 2017, amounted to Rs 36,000 and the partner’s drawings had been Ram, Rs 3,600; Shyam, Rs 4,500 and Mohan, Rs 2,700. The profit sharing ratio of Ram, Shyam and Mohan was 3:2:1. Calculate interest on capital.

Amit, Sumit and Samiksha are in partnership sharing profits in the ratio of 3:2:1. Samiksha’ share in profit has been guaranteed by Amit and Sumit to be a minimum sum of Rs 8,000. Profits for the year ended March 31, 2017 was Rs 36,000. Divide profit among the partners.

Pinki, Deepati and Kaku are partner’s sharing profits in the ratio of 5:4:1. Kaku is given a guarantee that his share of profits in any given year would not be less than Rs 5,000. Deficiency, if any, would be borne by Pinki and Deepti equally. Profits for the year amounted to Rs 40,000. Record necessary journal entries in the books of the firm showing the distribution of profit.

Abhay, Siddharth and Kusum are partners in a firm, sharing profits in the ratio of 5:3:2. Kusum is guaranteed a minimum amount of Rs 10,000 as per share in the profits. Any deficiency arising on that account shall be met by Siddharth. Profits for the years ending March 31, 2016 and 2017 are Rs 40,000 and 60,000 respectively. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Radha, Mary and Fatima are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 5:4:1. Fatima is given a guarantee that her share of profit, in any year will not be less than Rs 5,000. The profits for the year ending March 31, 2020 amount to Rs 35,000. If any, a shortfall in the profits guaranteed to Fatima is to be borne by Radha and Mary in the ratio of 3:2. Record necessary journal entries to show profit distribution among partners.

X, Y and Z are in Partnership, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1, respectively. Z’s share in the profit is guaranteed by X and Y to be a minimum of Rs 8,000. The net profit for the year ended March 31, 2020 was Rs 30,000. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account, indicating the amount finally due to each partner.

Arun, Boby and Chintu are partners in a firm sharing profit in the ratio or 2:2:1. According to the terms of the partnership agreement, Chintu has to get a minimum of Rs 60,000, irrespective of the profits of the firm. Any Deficiency to Chintu on Account of such guarantee shall be borne by Arun. Prepare the profit and loss appropriation account showing distribution of profits among partners in case the profits for year 2015 are: (i) Rs 2,50,000; (ii) 3,60,000.

Ashok, Brijesh and Cheena are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. Ashok and Brijesh have guaranteed that Cheena share in any year shall be less than Rs 20,000. The net profit for the year ended March 31, 2017 amounted to Rs 70,000. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Ram, Mohan and Sohan are partners with capitals of Rs 5,00,000, Rs 2,50,000 and 2,00,000 respectively.After providing interest on capital @ 10% p.a. the profits are divisible as follows:
Ram 1/2 , Mohan 1/3 Sohan 1/6 . But Ram and Mohan have guaranteed that Sohan’s share in the profit shall not be less than Rs 25,000, in any year. The net profit for the year ended March 31, 2017 is Rs 2,00,000, before charging interest on capital. You are required to show distribution of profit.

Amit, Babita and Sona form a partnership firm, sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 : 1, subject to the following :

i) Sona’s share in the profits, guaranteed to be not less than Rs 15,000 in any year.

ii) Babita gives guarantee to the effect that gross fee earned by her for the firm shall be equal to her average gross fee of the proceeding five years, when she was carrying on profession alone (which is Rs 25,000). The net profit for the year ended March 31, 2017 is Rs 75,000. The gross fee earned by Babita for the firm was Rs 16,000.
You are required to show Profit and Loss Appropriation Account (after giving effect to the alone).

The net profit of X, Y and Z for the year ended March 31, 2016 was Rs 60,000 and the same was distributed among them in their agreed ratio of 3 : 1 : 1. It was subsequently discovered that the under mentioned transactions were not recorded in the books :

i) Interest on Capital @ 5% p.a.

ii) Interest on drawings amounting to X Rs 700, Y Rs 500 and Z Rs 300.

iii) Partner’s Salary : X Rs 1000, Y Rs 1500 p.a.

The capital accounts of partners were fixed as : X Rs 1,00,000, Y Rs 80,000 and Z Rs 60,000. Record the adjustment entry.

The firm of Harry, Porter and Ali, who have been sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1, have existed for same years. Ali wants that he should get equal share in the profits with Harry and Porter and he further wishes that the change in the profit sharing ratio should come into effect retrospectively were for the last three year. Harry and Porter have agreement on this account. The profits for the last three years were:

Show adjustment of profits by means of a single adjustment journal entry. 

Mannu and Shristhi are partners in a firm sharing profit in the ratio of 3 : 2. Following is the balance sheet of the firm as on March 31, 2017.

Profit for the year ended March 31, 2017 was Rs 5,000 which was divided in the agreed ratio, but interest @ 5% p.a. on capital and @ 6% p.a. on drawings was inadvertently enquired. Adjust interest on drawings on an average basis for 6 months. Give the adjustment entry.

On March 31, 2017 the balance in the capital accounts of Eluin, Monu and Ahmed, after making adjustments for profits, drawing, etc; were Rs 80,000, Rs 60,000 and Rs 40,000 respectively. Subsequently, it was discovered that interest on capital and interest on drawings had been omitted. The partners were entitled to interest on capital @ 5% p.a. The drawings during the year were Eluin Rs 20,000; Monu, Rs 15,000 and Ahmed, Rs 9,000. Interest on drawings chargeable to partners were Eluin Rs 500, Monu Rs 360 and Ahmed Rs 200. The net profit during the year amounted to Rs 1,20,000. The profit sharing ratio was 3 : 2 : 1. Pass necessary adjustment entries.

Azad and Benny are equal partners. Their capitals are Rs 40,000 and Rs 80,000, respectively.After the accounts for the year have been prepared it is discovered that interest at 5% p.a. as provided in the partnership agreement, has not been credited to the capital accounts before distribution of profits. It is decided to make an adjustment entry at the beginning of the next year. Record the necessary journal entry.

Mohan, Vijay and Anil are partners, the balance on their capital accounts being Rs 30,000, Rs 25,000 and Rs 20,000 respectively. In arriving at these figures, the profits for the year ended March 31, 2017 amounting to Rupees 24,000 had been credited to partners in the proportion in which they shared profits. During the tear their drawings for Mohan, Vijay and Anil were Rs 5,000, Rs 4,000 and Rs 3,000, respectively. Subsequently, the following omissions were noticed:
1. Interest on Capital, at the rate of 10% p.a., was not charged.
2. Interest on Drawings: Mohan Rs 250, Vijay Rs 200, Anil Rs 150 was not recorded in the books.
Record necessary corrections through journal entries.

Anju, Manju and Mamta are partners whose fixed capitals were Rs 10,000, Rs 8,000 and Rs 6,000, respectively. As per the partnership agreement, there is a provision for allowing interest on capitals @ 5% p.a. but entries for the same have not been made for the last three years. The profit sharing ratio during there years remained as follows:

Make necessary and adjustment entry at the beginning of the fourth year i.e. April 2017.