SCERT Maharashtra solutions for Psychology [English] 12 Standard HSC chapter 4 - Cognitive Processes [Latest edition]

When we select few stimuli from the environment and bring them into the center of our awareness, it is called ______.

Ivan Pavlov is known for explaining learning by ______.

When we organise the information from the environment, group them and give some meaning, that process is called _______.

In operant conditioning the experiment was conducted on _______.

The change in behaviour due to practice or experience is known as ______.

Match the Pairs:

Write whether the following statement is ‘True’ or ‘False’.

The theory of operant conditioning explains the relation between behavior and consequences.

Write whether the following statement is ‘True’ or ‘False’.

B.F. Skinner is known as the Father of the theory of ‘Classical Conditioning’.

Write whether the following statement is ‘True’ or ‘False’:

Perception is possible without the past experience.

Answer the following question in one sentence:

Which is the first step in creative thinking?

Which is the last step in creative thinking?

Which animal was experimented with in the classical conditioning theory of learning?

Answer the following in one sentence:

What is a coded internal sensation?

By what name is the process of assigning meaning to a sensation based on the past experience is known?

Explain the meaning of fluctuation of attention in your own words.

Explain the nature of the division of attention on the basis of your personal experience.

Explain the learning by the cognitive processes.

Explain the stage of incubation in creative thinking.

Explain the element of language in the process of thinking.

Answer briefly in 30 to 40 words:

Give three examples of top down processes in perception.

Explain the following concept in 25 to 30 words:

Span of attention

Write a short note on the following in 50 to 60 words:

Division of attention

Write a short note on the following:

Classical conditioning theory of learning

Write a short note on the following:

Learning by operant conditioning

Write a short note on the following:

Learning by assimilation and accommodation

Write answer to the following question based on example only in a word:

Kavita, who cries due to the pain caused by the injection, now also starts crying when she sees the hospital building. Name the process of learning described.

Write answer to the following question based on example only in a word:

Realizing that parents appreciate helping the needy, Sanjay learned to always help the needy as much as possible so that he can be appreciated by the parents. Name the process of learning described.

Write answer to the following question based on example only in a word:

Saket's mother punished him for not completing his studies on time. Saket learned to complete the study on time so that such punishment would not happen again in future. Name the process of learning described.

Explain the following concept in 25 to 30 words:

Attention

Explain the following concept in 25 to 30 words:

Perception

Explain the process of learning:

1. Learning by classical conditioning
2. Learning by operant conditioning
3. Learning by observation
4. Learning by assimilation and accommodation

Explain the following concept in 25 to 30 words:

Illumination

Explain the following concept in 25 to 30 words:

Schema

Explain the following concept in 25 to 30 words:

Bottom-up processing

Answer the following questions with the help of the given points:

Explain the stages of creative thinking.

Points:

1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination
4. Verification

Explain the laws of perceptual organization.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Explain the core elements of thinking.