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प्रश्न
Briefly explain the structure of thyroid gland.
उत्तर
The thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped, bilobed situated below the larynx on each side of the upper trachea. The two lobes are connected by a median tissue mass called isthmus. Each lobe is made up of many lobules. The lobules consist of follicles called acini. Each acinus is lined with glandular, cuboidal, or squamous epithelial cells.
The lumen of acini is filled with colloid, a thick glycoprotein mixture consisting of thyroglobulin molecules. The thyroid gland secretes Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4) or thyroxine hormones. These are concerned with metabolism.
Structure of Thyroid gland
संबंधित प्रश्न
| Hormones | Target gland |
| Thyrotrophin (TSH) | ______ |
| Hormones | Target gland |
| Corticotrophin (ACTH) | ______ |
| Hormones | Target gland |
| Melanotrophin (MSH | ______ |
Give an example of gonadotrophic hormones.
Give an example of a blood pressure lowering hormone.
What would a child suffer from if there was hyposecretion from his thyroid?
Match the items of column I with those of column II
| Column I | Column II | ||
| 1 | β (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans |
a | condition due to undersecretion of thyroxine in adults |
| 2 | Thyroid | b | Glucocorticoids |
| 3 | Cretinism | c | Exophthalmic goitre |
| 4 | Addison's disease | d | Increases heart beat |
| 5 | Hypothyroidism | e | Thyroxine |
| 6 | Myxoedema | f | Adrenal cortex |
| 7 | Adrenaline Under secretion of thyroxine in a child |
h | Under secretion of thyroxine in a child |
Mention any two differences between a hormone and an enzyme.
Give the special function of the following:
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Define the following:
Endocrine gland
Define the following:
Exocrine gland
Make a table indicating the glands, hormones produced, their main functions and diseases caused due to their hypo and hypersecretions.
Choose the correct answer:
Which one of the following is not an endrocine gland?
What do you mean by endocrine system?
Which parts of the alimentary canal produce hormones?
Organs like the stomach and intestine are also endocrine glands. Why?
Differentiate: Insulin and Glucagon.
Differentiate: Nervous control and Hormonal control.
Name the Following: Hormone secreted by corpus luteum.
Fill in the Blanks:
______ is called father of endocrinology.
Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Hormones are chemically protein.
Choose the Odd One Out
Choose the Odd One Out
Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Pituitary | (a) produces male sex characteristics |
| (ii) Ovaries | (b) decreases blood sugar level |
| (iii) Thyroid | (c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure |
| (iv) Thymus | (d) produces female sex characteristics |
| (v) Adrenals | (e) is known as emergency hormone |
| (vi) Hypothalamus | (f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus |
| (vii) Pancreas | (g) increases the rate of metabolism |
| (viii) Testes | (h) maintains the level of calcium |
| (ix) Parathyroid | regulates the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| (x) Cretinism | (j) simulates skeletal growth |
| (xi) Diabetes mellitus | (k) regulates the activities of other glands |
| (xii) Insulin shock | (l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs |
| (xiii) Gigantism | (m) Shortage of glucose in the blood. |
| (xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | (n) Over-secretion of growth hormone |
| (xv) Exophthalmic goiter | (o) Excess of glucose in the blood |
| (xvi) Acromegaly | (p) Over-secretion of thyroxin |
| (xvii) Addison’s disease | (q) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
| (xviii)Cretinism | (r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones |
| (xix) Dwarfism | (s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex |
| (xx) Adrenalin | (t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children |
| (xxi) Vasopressin | (u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults |
Which statement is not for a hormone?
Vasopressin is concerned with:
Which organ acts a temporary endocrine gland in females?
Iodised salt is essential to prevent ______.
which of the given option shows all wrong statements for thyroid gland
Statements
- It inhibits process of RBC formation
- It helps in maintenance of water and electrolytes
- Its more secretion can reduce blood pressure
- It Stimulates osteoblast
Pineal gland is an endocrine gland, write its role.
Enumerate the role of kidney as an endocrine gland.
Write a detailed account of gastro intestinal tract hormones.
______ gland is located in the neck region.
Label the endocrine glands in the given figure.
Acromegaly is caused by ______.
