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Find the missing figures in the following table: x 0 5 10 15 20 25 y 7 11 - 18 - 32 - Business Mathematics and Statistics

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प्रश्न

Find the missing figures in the following table:

x 0 5 10 15 20 25
y 7 11 - 18 - 32
योग

उत्तर

Here y0 = 7

y1 = 11

y2 = ?

y3 = 18

y4 = ?

y5 = 32

Since only four values of f(x) are given

The polynomial which fits the data is of degree three.

Hence fourth differences are zeros.

Δ4yk = 0

(i.e) (E – 1)4yk = 0

(i.e) (E4 – 4E3 + 6E2 – 4E + 1)yk = 0  ........(1)

Put k = 0 in (1)

(E4 – 4E3 + 6E2 – 4E + 1)y0 = 0

E4y0 – 4E3y0 + 6E2y0 – 4Ey0 + y0 = 0

y4 – 4y3 + 6y2 – 4y1 + y0 = 0

y4 – 4(18) + 6y2 – 4(11) + 7 = 0

y4 – 72 + 6y2 – 44 + 7 = 0

y4 + 6y2 = 109  .........(2)

Put k = 1 in (1)

(E4 – 4E3 + 6E2 – 4E + 1)y1 = 0

[E4 y1 – 4E y1 + 6E2 y1 – 4Ey1 + y] = 0

y5 – 4y4 + 6y3 – 4y2 + y1 = 0

32 – 4(y4) + 6(18) — 4(y2) + 11 = 0

32 – 4y4 + 108 – 4y2 + 11 = 0

– 4y4 – 4y2 + 151 = 0

4y4 + 4y2 = 151  .........(3)

Solving equation (1) and (2)

Equation (1) × 4 ⇒ 4y4 + 24y2 = 436
Equation (2)       ⇒ 4y4 +   4y2  = 151
                               (–)   (–)        (–)      
                                        20y2  = 285

y2 = `285/20`

⇒ y2 = 14.25

Substitute y2 = 14.25 in equation (1)

y4 + 6(14.25) = 109

y4 + 25.50 = 109

y4 = 109 – 85.5

∴ y4 = 23.5

∴ Required two missing values are 14.25 and 23.5.

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अध्याय 5: Numerical Methods - Miscellaneous problems [पृष्ठ १२१]

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सामाचीर कलवी Business Mathematics and Statistics [English] Class 12 TN Board
अध्याय 5 Numerical Methods
Miscellaneous problems | Q 4 | पृष्ठ १२१
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