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प्रश्न
For an organ transplant, it is an advantage to have an identical twin. Why?
उत्तर
Very often, when some human organs like heart, eye, liver, and kidney fail to function satisfactorily, transplantation is the only remedy to enable the patient to live a normal life. Then a search begins to find a suitable donor.
Grafts from just any source-an animal, another primate, or any human beings cannot be made since the grafts would be rejected sooner or later. Tissue matching, blood group matching are essential before undertaking any graft/transplant and even after this the patient has to take immuno-suppresants all his/her life. The body is able to differentiate ‘self ’ and ‘nonself’ and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection. In an identical twin, there is no chance of rejection of the transplanted organ, so it is advantageous.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Differentiate between Innate and acquired immunity.
Acquired immunity is due to ______
The substance produced by a cell in viral infection that can protect other cells from further infection is ______.
Transplantation of tissues/organs to save certain patients often fails due to rejection of such tissues/organs by the patient. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections?
Highlight the structural importance of an antibody molecule with a diagram. Name the four types of antibodies found to give a humoral immune response, mentioning the functions of two of them you have studied.
The type of immunity develops in the foetus after receiving antibodies through placenta is ______.
Vaccines prepared by genetic engineering are safe to man because they are ______.
| When a microorganism invades a host, a definite sequence of events usually occurs leading to infection and disease, causing suffering to the host. This process is called pathogenesis. Once a microorganism overcomes the defence system of the host, development of the disease follows a certain sequence of events as shown in the graph. Study the graph given below for the sequence of events leading to the appearance of a disease and answer the questions that follow: |
(a) In which period, according to the graph there are maximum chances of a person transmitting a disease/infection and why? (1)
(b) Study the graph and write what is an incubation period. Name a sexually transmitted disease that can be easily transmitted during this period. Name the specific type of lymphocytes that are attacked by the pathogen of this disease. (2)
OR
(b) Draw a schematic labelled diagram of an antibody. (2)
(c) In which period, the number of immune cells forming antibodies will be the highest in a person suffering from pneumonia? Name the immune cells that produce antibodies. (1)
Tetanus antitoxin (Tetanus toxoid) when injected into the human body it immediately provides ______.
Give example of active and passive immunity.
