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प्रश्न
Answer the following:
Explain the physical factors affecting location of industries.
उत्तर
Introduction: The place where the conversion of products obtained from primary activities into final products takes place is called a ‘factory’. The location of the industry is a very important thing in this process. The required raw material of the industry highly affects the location of the industry. The characteristics of raw materials and finished products also affect the location of the sector. e.g. Perishable raw material required industries will be located in the source of raw material areas. e.g. sugar industries.
- Relief (Landforms): The population is densely distributed on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops. In these areas, it is easier to build roads and develop industries. The mountainous and hilly regions tend to be less populated. If means of livelihood are available, the population can be concentrated in a few such areas. For example, Dehradun, Leh, etc. Thus, it can be concluded that plateaus or mountainous areas are less populated than plains.
- Climate: Climate, raw material, water, power, labour, land and transport are important physical factors deciding the location of industry. Extreme climates like too hot, cold, dry and very humid climates are unsuitable for industries. Generally, industries develop in areas of moderate climate.
- Availability of raw materials: Availability of raw materials is essential for developing industries. Industries using perishable, heavy, bulky and weight-losing raw materials are located in the areas of the source of raw materials. For example, sugar mills near sugarcane growing areas. Most industries require a lot of water for processing, like cooling, washing etc. Such industries are located near lakes, rivers or other water bodies. For example, many industries are situated around the Great Lakes in the USA.
- Water and power supply: Almost all industries require plenty of water for various processes like cooling, smelting, washing etc. Thus, such industries are located near rivers' or lakes' banks. Coal, oil, and electricity are indispensable energy resources for any industry. Coal is heavy and bulky.
- Labour: Labour is another important factor in deciding the location of industries. The availability of skilled, semi-skilled and cheap labour is very important to work in industries. Hence, we generally find labour colonies where skilled and cheap labour is available.
- Transportation: Transport facilities are essential for transporting raw materials and finished products. Low-cost transport is a critical factor in the development of industries. Industries develop in the areas where the transportation network is well-developed. For example, many industries are developed along the Trans-Siberian railway line in Russia.
- Site or availability of land: Site requirements for industrial development are of considerable significance. The location should be generally flat and well-served by adequate transport facilities. Large areas are required to build factories. Earlier, industries were concentrated near urban areas. Still, because of the non-availability of land and high prices, there is a tendency to set up industries in rural areas—for example, Lote Parshuram industrial area in Chiplun and Chakan in Pune.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Give geographical reasons:
Fruit-processing industries are found in Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts of Konkan region.
Short note:
Role of transportation in industries.
Complete the chain
| Sr. No. | A | B | C |
| 1. | Small-scale industries | Manual manufacturing | Ceramics |
| 2. | Cottage industries | Skilled crafts person | Tata Iron and Steel company |
| 3. | Consumer goods | Individual | Potters |
| 4. | Private | Ready for direct consumption | Pharmaceutical |
Identify the correct group
Secondary activities of man:
State whether right or wrong:
Industries are less developed on the eastern coast of U.S.A.
Write short note
Role of transportation in development of industries
Identify the incorrect factor:
Factors favourable to cotton textile industry in Mumbai:
State whether right or wrong.
Secondary activities include trade and transportation.
Construction and mining industries require this type of labourers.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
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Economic motivation is universally and easily available nowadays. It can be given in all sectors. In production sectors more than one such stimulators are used to increase production. Workers and capitalists should work more enthusiastically to increase the production. For that incentive is very useful for such purpose. Desire of power, fame, honest intention of serving, patriotism, such encouragements also motivate human beings to work. These all sources of motivation are mixed more or less in ethical standards of work. Economic motivation is very important motivation. There can be various types of economic motivations. Bonus is given to the workers for the task which is done before deadlines. Sample tasks are considered in the context of the task. Extra allowances or remuneration is given if the production is more than expected and quality is also maintained. This is done so that dissatisfaction does not arise among workers. Such efforts are constantly needed to increase production. The workers can work enthusiastically if the special allowances or incentives are offered. Promotion in job is offered as an encouragement to do good work is also a kind of economic incentive which is commonly used. |
- What is meant by economic motivation? (1)
- What is the purpose of increasing the production for capitalists? (1)
- Why special remuneration (bonus) is given? (1)
- Compare the skilled and unskilled workers in the secondary economic activity. (1)
