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प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
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In India, Fixed deposits have long been a favourite investment choice of people, especially senior citizens, as it promise steady returns. It attracts those who are seeking a stable income. But it’s an illusion in the period of inflation. Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, subsequently eroding the purchasing power of money. In simple terms, what money could buy today might not a few years down the line. Fixed deposits are financial instruments offered by banks where you deposit a lump sum amount for a fixed period at a predetermined rate of interest. Consider an investment of Rs 1 crore in a fixed deposit at a 6% annual interest rate and the annual rate of inflation is 5%. By the 10th year your pre inflation return is 1.79 crore, but post inflation it’s just 1.10 crore. The nominal value of investment in fixed deposits may appear to grow, inflation significantly diminishes their real value and purchasing power over time.
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- What is the theme of the extract? (2)
- Differentiate between Demand pull and Cost push inflation. (2)
- What are the demand deposits and time deposits? (2)
- Since 1998 RBI has been using new measures of money supply, M0, M1, M2 and M3. Which one of these measures incorporates fixed deposit as one of its components? Mention the other components of that measure. (2)
उत्तर
- The theme of the extract is that fixed deposits are a myth during times of inflation. As inflation is a continuous rise in the price level of the economy, it causes a decline in the purchasing power of money and hence the real value of the return from the fixed deposit.
- Demand-pull inflation originates from demand forces, i.e., when aggregate demand rises and exceeds aggregate supply of goods and services, it will lead to rise in price level in the economy. Cost push inflation refers to the continuous increase in price level due to increase in cost of production caused by increase in wage rate, profit margin, etc.
- Demand deposits are deposits in a bank account where the deposited money can be withdrawn by cheques at any time. Current account deposits and savings account deposits are the demand deposits. Time deposits are deposits in a bank account where the deposited money cannot be withdrawn before the time of its maturity. Cheque is not issued on this deposit. Fixed deposits and recurring deposits are the time deposits.
- M3 incorporates a fixed deposit. Other components are currency held by the public (C), demand deposits with commercial banks (DD) and other deposits with the RBI (OD).
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain, with reasons, whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statement
There are no exceptions to the Law of Demand.
Demand for perishable goods is inelastic.
The demand of a commodity, when measured through the expenditure approach, is inelastic. A fall in its price will result in : (choose the correct alternative)
(a) No change in expenditure on it.
(b) Increase in expenditure on it.
(c) Decrease in expenditure on it.
(d) Anyone of the above.
Demand deposits include (choose the correct alternative)
(a) Saving account deposits and fixed deposits
(b) Saving account deposits and current account deposits
(c) Current account deposits and fixed deposits
(d) All types of deposits
When the income of the consumer falls the impact on a price-demand curve of an inferior good is: (choose the correct alternative)
a. Shifts to the right.
b. Shifts of the left.
c. There is upward movement along the curve.
d. There is downward movement along the curve
If due to fall in the price of good X, demand for good Y rises, the two goods are : (Choose the correct alternative)
a. Substitutes
b. Complements
c. Not related
d. Competitive
Demand for electricity is elastic.
Define or explain the following concept :
Effective demand .
Fill in the blank using proper alternative given in the bracket:
Perfectly inelastic demand curve is.....................................................
State whether the following statement is true or false.
Perfectly inelastic demand curve is parallel to ‘X’ axis.
Write short answer for the following question.
Explain the Law of Demand.
Write whether the following statement is True or False:
Demand curve has a positive slope.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given in the bracket:
The law of demand states ________ relation between demand and price.
fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given in the bracket:
Demand for salt is ___________.
Explain the following concepts or give definitions.
Demand
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE
Law of demand is explained by Prof. Robbins.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE
Individual demand is a demand by single buyer.
Give reason or explain the following statement.
Increase in demand indicates a rightward shift in the demand curve.
Give reason or explain the following statement.
Demand curve slopes downward from left to right.
Give reason or explain the following statement.
Demand for factors of production is derived demand.
Distinguish between substitute goods and complementary goods, with examples.
Choose the correct answer from given options
In the given figure X1Y1 and X2Y2 are Production Possibility Curves in two different periods T1 and T2 respectively for Good X and Good Y. A1 and A2 represent actual outputs and P1 and P2 represent potential outputs respectively in the two times periods.
The change in actual output of Goods X and Y over the two periods would be represented by a movement from __________.
We say that there is a decrease in demand when ______
Are the concepts of demand for domestic goods and domestic demand for goods the same?
If the increase in demand is greater than the increase in supply, then equilibrium price will ______
Area under MC curve is equal to:
Which of the following is correct?
Which of the following statements is true?
"Market demand curve is constructed by horizontally summing all the individual's demand curves at each and every price." Choose the correct option for the above-mentioned statement.
Read the case study and answer the questions 97 to 100:
The Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational beverage company, with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. The first company that conducted its operation in the soft drink industry was Coca-Cola. It is the world's largest non-alcoholic beverage company serving more than 1.8 billion consumers daily in more than 200 countries. It has a portfolio of more than 3,500 (more than 800 no or low-calorie) products. However, the company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola which was originally intended to be a patented medicine invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Smith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. The Coca-Cola products can be termed as normal goods and in August 2019 Coca-Cola introduced a new product into the market, that is, zero sugar where the demand has increased for the product in the market.
According to the council of the Australian Food Technology Association and Institute of Food Science and Technology, the Australian nonalcoholic beverages industry has been growing steadily, with a 2.3 percent increase in overall production in the year 2000 which amounts to 2.25 billion liters. However, in the re~ent years, sales of customary carbonated soft drinks have dropped as more and more customers become health conscious and move away from high-calorie sugary drinks. Soft Carbonated drinks. and other alcohol-free beverage manufacturers have also sensed the effects of intensifying competition from private-label soft drink makers. Nevertheless, sales of greater value energy and sports drinks have driven profit generation in the industry.
The demand. for coca-cola has ______
In an open economy, Aggregate Demand is estimated as:
Identify the correctly matched pair of the items in Column A to that of Column B.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (1) | Increase in demand for goods | (a) | Leftward shift in the demand curve |
| (2) | Decrease in demand | (b) | Perfectly Elastic Demand |
| (3) | Ed = ∞ | (c) | Increases in the income of the consumer |
| (4) | Downward Sloping | (d) | Income elasticity of Demand |
Milk is used for making curd, sweets and chocolates.
What type of demand does milk have? Give a reason.
