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प्रश्न
The rate of growth of population is proportional to the number present. If the population doubled in the last 25 years and present population is 1 lac., when will the city have population 4,00,000?
Solution: Let p be the population at time t.
Then the rate of increase of p is `"dp"/"dt"` which is proportional to p.
∴ `"dp"/"dt" ∝ "p"`
∴ `"dp"/"dt"` = kp, where k is a constant
∴ `"dp"/"p"` = kdt
On integrating, we get
`int "dp"/"p" = "k"int "dt"`
∴ log p = kt + c
Initially, i.e., when t = 0, let p = 100000
∴ log 100000 = k × 0 + c
∴ c = `square`
∴ log p = kt + log 100000
∴ log p – log 100000 = kt
∴ `log ("P"/100000)` = kt ......(i)
Since the number doubled in 25 years, i.e., when t = 25, p = 200000
∴ `log (200000/100000)` = 25k
∴ k = `square`
∴ equation (i) becomes, `log("p"/100000) = square`
When p = 400000, then find t.
∴ `log(400000/100000) = "t"/25 log 2`
∴ `log 4 = "t"/25 log 2`
∴ t = `25 (log 4)/(log 2)`
∴ t = `square` years
उत्तर
Let p be the population at time t.
Then the rate of increase of p is `"dp"/"dt"` which is proportional to p.
∴ `"dp"/"dt" ∝ "p"`
∴ `"dp"/"dt"` = kp, where k is a constant
∴ `"dp"/"p"` = kdt
On integrating, we get
`int "dp"/"p" = "k"int "dt"`
∴ log p = kt + c
Initially, i.e., when t = 0, let p = 100000
∴ log 100000 = k × 0 + c
∴ c = log 100000
∴ log p = kt + log 100000
∴ log p – log 100000 = kt
∴ `log ("P"/100000)` = kt ......(i)
Since the number doubled in 25 years, i.e., when t = 25, p = 200000
∴ `log (200000/100000)` = 25k
∴ k = `1/25 log 2`
∴ equation (i) becomes, `log("p"/100000)` = `"t"/25 log 2`
When p = 400000, then find t.
∴ `log(400000/100000) = "t"/25 log 2`
∴ `log 4 = "t"/25 log 2`
∴ t = `25 (log 4)/(log 2)`
∴ t = `25 (2 log 2)/(log 2)`
∴ t = 50 years
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∴ `log(N_0/N_0)` = `square`
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