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Question
Describe the following:
Decarboxylation
Solution
Carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to form hydrocarbons when their sodium salts are heated with sodalime (NaOH and CaO in the ratio of 3 : 1). The reaction is known as decarboxylation.
\[\ce{R-COONa ->[NaOH and CaO][Heat]R - H + Na2CO3}\]
Alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids also undergo decarboxylation on electrolysis of their aqueous solutions and form hydrocarbons having twice the number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group of the acid. The reaction is known as Kolbe electrolysis.
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{COOH}\phantom{.......}\\
/\phantom{...............}\\
\ce{CH2 ->[\Delta] CH3COOH + A}\\
\backslash\phantom{................}\\
\ce{COOH}\phantom{........}
\end{array}\]
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| CH3COOH | CH2 = CH–CH2 – COOH |
| I | II |
| CH2(COOH)2 |  |
| III | IV |
