NCERT solutions for Chemistry [English] Class 12 chapter 12 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids [Latest edition]

Write the structure of the following compound:

α-Methoxypropionaldehyde

Write the structure of the following compound:

3-Hydroxybutanal

Write the structure of the following compound:

2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde

Write the structure of the following compound:

4-Oxopentanal

Write the structure of the following compound:

Di-sec-butyl ketone

Write the structure of the following compound:

4-Fluoroacetophenone

Write the structure of the product of the following reaction:

Write the structure of the product of the following reaction:

\[\ce{(C6H5CH2)2 Cd + 2 CH3COCl ->}\]

Write the structure of the product of the following reaction:

\[\ce{H3C - C ≡ C - H ->[Hg^{2+}, H2SO4]}\]

Write the structure of the product of the following reaction:

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points.

CH₃CHO, CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃OCH₃, CH₃CH₂CH₃

Arrange the following compound in increasing order of its reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions.

Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone.

Hint: Consider steric effect and electronic effect.

Arrange the following compound in increasing order of its reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions.

Benzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.

Hint: Consider steric effect and electronic effect.

Predict the product of the following reaction:

Predict the product of the following reaction:

Predict the product of the following reaction:

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{..............}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{..............}||\\
\ce{R - CH = CH - CHO + NH2 - C - NH - NH2 ->[H+]}\end{array}\]

Predict the product of the following reaction:

Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:

PhCH₂CH₂COOH

Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:

(CH₃)₂C=CHCOOH

Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:

Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:

Show how the following compound can be converted to benzoic acid.

Ethylbenzene

Show how the following compound can be converted to benzoic acid.

Acetophenone

Show how the following compound can be converted to benzoic acid.

Bromobenzene

Show how the following compound can be converted to benzoic acid.

Phenylethene (Styrene)

CH₃CO₂H or CH₂FCO₂H

Which acid of the pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?

CH₂FCO₂H or CH₂ClCO₂H

Which acid of the pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?

CH₂FCH₂CH₂CO₂H or CH₃CHFCH₂CO₂H

Which acid of the pair shown here would you expect to be stronger?

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Cyanohydrin

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Acetal

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Semicarbazone

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Aldol

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Hemiacetal

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Oxime

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Ketal

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Imine

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

2, 4-DNP-derivative

What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction in the following case.

Schiff’s base

Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CHO

Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃CH₂COCH(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂Cl

Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃CH=CHCHO

Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃COCH₂COCH₃

Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂C(CH₃)₂COCH₃

Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:

OHCC₆H₄CHO-p

Draw the structure of the following compound.

3-Methylbutanal

Draw the structure of the following compound.

p-Nitropropiophenone

Write the structure of p-methylbenzaldehyde.

Draw the structure of the following compound.

4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one

Write the structure of 4-chloropentan-2-one.

Draw the structure of the following compound.

3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid

Draw the structure of the following compound.

p, p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone

Draw the structure of the following compound.

Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also the common name.

CH₃CO(CH₂)₄CH₃

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also the common name.

CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₂CH(CH₃)CHO

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also the common name.

CH₃(CH₂)₅CHO

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also the common name.

Ph-CH=CH-CHO

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also the common name.

Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also the common name.

PhCOPh

Draw the structure of the given derivative.

The 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde

Draw the structure of the given derivative.

Cyclopropanone oxime

Draw the structure of the given derivative.

Acetaldehydedimethylacetal

Draw the structure of the given derivative.

The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone

Draw the structure of the given derivative.

The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one

Draw the structure of the given derivative.

The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with the following reagents.

PhMgBr and then H₃O⁺

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with the following reagent.

Tollens’ reagent

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with the following reagents.

Semicarbazide and weak acid

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with the following reagents.

Excess ethanol and acid

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with the following reagents.

Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid

Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction.

1. Methanal
2. 2-Methylpentanal
3. Benzaldehyde
4. Benzophenone
5. Cyclohexanone
6. 1-Phenylpropanone
7. Phenylacetaldehyde
8. Butan-1-ol
9. 2, 2-Dimethylbutanal

How will you convert ethanal into the following compound?

Butane-1, 3-diol

How will you convert ethanal into the following compound?

But-2-enal

How will you convert ethanal into the following compound?

But-2-enoic acid

Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile.

An organic compound with the molecular formula C₉H₁₀O forms 2, 4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.

An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C₈H₁₆O₂) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.

Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN)

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:

CH₃CH₂CH(Br)COOH, CH₃CH(Br)CH₂COOH, (CH₃)₂CHCOOH, CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH (acid strength)

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated:

Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3, 4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)

Propanal and Propanone

Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds:

Acetophenone and Benzophenone

Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds:

Phenol and Benzoic acid

Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds:

Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate

Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds:

Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds:

Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds:

Ethanal and Propanal

How will you prepare the given compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom.

Methyl benzoate

How will you prepare the given compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom.

m-Nitrobenzoic acid

How will you prepare the given compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom.

p-Nitrobenzoic acid

How will you prepare the given compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom.

Phenylacetic acid

How will you prepare the given compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom.

p-Nitrobenzaldehyde

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Propanone to Propene

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Benzoic acid to m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol

How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps?

Benazaldehyde to α-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

Describe the following:

Acetylation

Describe the following:

Cannizzaro reaction

Describe the following:

Cross aldol condensation

Describe the following:

Decarboxylation

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

\[\ce{C6H5CHO ->[H2NCONHNH2]}\]

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{C6H5CHO}\phantom{............}\\
\phantom{........}\ce{+\phantom{......}\ce{->[dil.NaOH][\Delta]}}\phantom{...}\\
\ce{CH3CH2CHO}\phantom{............}
\end{array}\]

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

\[\ce{CH3COCH2COOC2H5 ->[(i) NaBH4][(ii) H+]}\]

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Complete the synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or product.

Give plausible explanation for the following:

Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 2, 6 trimethylcyclohexanone does not.

Give plausible explanation for the following:

There are two −NH₂ groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.

Give plausible explanation for the following:

During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.

An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound.

Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Give two reasons.