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Question
Give plausible explanation for the following:
During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.
Solution
Ester, along with water, is formed reversibly from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid.
\[\ce{\underset{Carboxylic acid}{RCOOH} + \underset{Alcohol}{R'OH} <=>[H2SO4] \underset{Ester}{RCOOR'} + H2O}\]
If either water or ester is not removed as soon as it is formed, it reacts to give back the reactants, as the reaction is reversible. Therefore, either of the two should be removed to shift the equilibrium in the forward direction, i.e., to produce more ester.
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