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Question
Explain in brief with one example of a covalent bond
Solution
The attractive force which exists due to the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms of similar electronegativity or having a small difference in electronegativities is called a covalent bond.
Formation of H2 molecule:
- The electronic configuration of the H atom is 1s1.
- It needs one more electron to complete its valence shell.
- When two hydrogen atoms approach each other at a certain internuclear distance, they share their valence electrons.
- The shared pair of electrons belong equally to both the hydrogen atoms. The two atoms are said to be linked by a single covalent bond and an H2 molecule is formed.
\[\ce{H. + .H->\underset{\text{shared pair of electrons}}{H:H}}\] OR H–H
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| Column I | Column II |
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| (ii) Resonance | (b) \[\ce{LiF}\] |
| (iii) Ionic solid | (c) \[\ce{H2}\] |
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