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Question
List any five possible advantages of a GMO to a farmer.
Solution
Genetically modified plants have been useful to farmers in the following ways:
- Genetically modified crops are more tolerant to abiotic stress, which can be in the form of cold, drought, heat or salt.
- Crops that are made pest-resistant through genetic modification have reduced dependence on chemical pesticides.
- Genetic modification of crops has reduced post-harvest losses.
- Genetic modification has helped in increasing efficiency of mineral usage by plants. It has helped in maintaining the fertility of the soil for a longer duration.
- Genetic modification has helped in enhancing the nutritional value of crops, e.g. genetically modified variety of rice that is rich in vitamin A.
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RNA interference (RNAi) holds great potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human diseases and as biocontrol agents in controlling pests in the field agriculture. An experiment was carried to study the use of 'RNAi' for the potential treatment of disorders of cholesterol metabolism. Some people possess genetic mutations with elevated levels of ApoB gene which predisposes them to coronary artery diseases. Lowering the amount ApoB can reduce the number of lipoproteins and lower the blood cholesterol. Tracy Zimmerman and her colleagues used RNAi in 2006 to reduce the level of ApoB in non human primates Cynomolgus monkeys. One group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (small interfering RNAs, SiRNAs) (doses 1 mg/kg, SiRNAs), second group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (doses 2.5 mg/kg, SiRNAs) and third group of monkeys were injected with saline. |
The results of the study are depicted in the graph below:
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