Question

Name and explain any four types of training.

Examine the different types of training towards development of human resources in an office.

Suppose in a large modern organisation, you have been recruited as a staff training officer. Name and explain briefly different types of training programmes you would like to organise. Also indicate what should be your pre-training and post-training activities.

Name and explain any two types of training.

Answer 1

Types of Training:

1. Induction or Orientation Training: Induction or orientation training is the process of introducing and familiarising new employees with the organisation so that they may adjust quickly and easily to their new environment.
   Orientation implies introducing the new employees to the organisation and its policies, procedures and rules. When a new employee reports to work, he must be helped to become familiar with the work environment and fellow employees.
   The main objectives of an orientation programme are (a) to build up the new employee's confidence in himself and in the new organisation so that he may become an efficient employee, and (b) to give the necessary information to the employee about the location of work rooms, canteen and other facilities, leave rules, rest period, etc., ( c) to develop a feeling of belonging and loyalty to the organisation, and ( d) to ensure that the new employee does not form a false opinion about the organisation because the first impression is the last impression.
   In small organisations, orientation may be informal. But in large firms, a formal orientation programme is organised to supply the following type of information to the new employees: 
   1. Company's history and products
   2. Company's organisational structure
   3. Location of departments and employee services
   4. Rules and regulations
2. Job Training: It is not always possible to recruit and select trained employees. When persons without any training or job experience are selected, they require some training to perform their job well. Such training is called job training and it is given to make the employees knowledgeable and skilled in performing a specific job.
   Major techniques of on-the-job training that would increase the level of productivity of the employee are as follows: 
   
   1. Coaching: The supervisor shares job information and abilities with his subordinate. Coaching focuses on experiential learning.
   2. Understudy: A superior provides training to a subordinate who serves as his understudy or helper. The subordinate learns via experience and observation.
   3. Position Rotation: The trainee is periodically rotated from job to job so that he acquires a general background of different jobs.
3. Remedial Training: This type of training is designed to correct the mistakes and shortcomings in the work behaviour and job performance of employees. Some employees might have picked up faulty ways of doing work. Remedial training is provided to remove these defects and to teach the right methods of doing the job.
4. Safety Training: The purpose of safety training is to create safety consciousness and teach the use of safety devices so as to prevent and minimise accidents and injuries.
5. Promotional Training: When persons working at lower levels are promoted, they need training for the performance of higher jobs. Promotional training involves preparing employees for higher positions. Employees with adequate potential are given training to fill vacancies at higher levels. Promotional training facilitates succession planning and career development.
6. Refresher Training: When existing work methods and techniques become obsolete, employees have to be trained in the use of new methods and techniques. Refresher training is provided to update the knowledge and skills of employees. It helps to refresh job knowledge and make employees efficient in the use of new technology. Rapid advancements in technology have increased the need for refresher training.