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Question
The exhibition of various oxidation states by an element is also related to the outer orbital electronic configuration of its atom. Atom(s) having which of the following outermost electronic configurations will exhibit more than one oxidation state in its compounds.
(i) 3s1
(ii) 3d14s2
(iii) 3d24s2
(iv) 3s23p3
Solution
(iii) 3d24s2
(iv) 3s23p3
Explanation:
Elements which have only s-electron in the valence shell do not show more than one oxidation state. Thus, element with 3s1 as outer electronic configuration shows only one oxidation state of +1.
Transition elements, i.e., elements (ii, iii) having incompletely filled orbitals in the penultimate shell show variable oxidation states. Thus, element with outer electronic configuration as 3d1 4s2 shows variable oxidation states of +2 and +3 and the element with outer electronic configuration as 3d24s2 shows variable oxidation states of +2, +3 and +4.
p-Block elements also show variable oxidation states due to a number of reasons such as involvement of J-orbitals and inert pair effect. For example, element (iv) with 3s2 3p3 as (i.e., P) as the outer electronic configuration shows variable oxidation states of +3 and +5 due to involvement of d-orbitals.
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