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Question
[Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured, while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless – explain.
Solution
Ti in [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is in +3 oxidation state. Sc in [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is in +3 oxidation state.
The outer electronic configuration of Sc, Ti and their trivalent ions are,
SC: 3d1 4S2
SC3+: 3d0
Ti: 3d2 4S2
Ti3+: 3d1
Ti3+has one unpaired electron in 3d orbital and they undergo d-d transition. This electron can be promoted to a higher energy level by light absorption. Therefore [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured.
In the case of [Sc(H2O)6]3+ there is no electron in the 3d orbital of Sc3+, hence there is no possibility of light absorbance. Therefore [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless.
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