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Question
What are the causes of lanthanide contraction?
Solution
- As we move along the lanthanoid series, there is a decrease in atomic and ionic radii. This steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii is called lanthanoid contraction.
- As we move from one element to another, the nuclear charge increases by one unit, and one electron is added.
- The new electrons are added to the same inner 4f subshell. Thus, the 4f electrons shield each other from the nuclear charge poorly owing to their diffused nature.
- With increasing atomic number and nuclear charge, the effective nuclear charge experienced by each 4f electron increases. As a result, the whole of the 4f electron shell contracts at each successive element.
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