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Question
What is saponification? Write the chemical equation of the reaction involved in this process. Name all the substances which take part in this process and also those which are formed.
Solution
Saponification is a process of preparing soap by the hydrolysis of fats or oils with alkalis.
When animal fat or vegetable oil (ester) is heated with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, soap and glycerol (alcohol) are formed.
Equation: Fat or oil (Ester) + Sodium Hydroxide → Soap + Glycerol (an alcohol)
The chemical equation is as follows:
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