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प्रश्न
Answer the following Question:
Define planning and explain its nature.
उत्तर
Planning states in advance where to move and in which direction to move. It is a continuous process that helps in reducing the
risk of uncertainty. Planning is an essential activity that provides the rationale for undertaking policies to achieve the set goals.
The following points highlight the nature of planning:
i. Objective oriented - Planning serves as a basis for all other functions. It helps in determining what goals are to be achieved and how those goals are to be achieved. Every management should formulate plans keeping specific goals in mind. These plans should ensure that the desired objectives are attained. Managers should make sure that the plans made are purposeful.
ii. Stepping stone - Planning acts as the stepping stone in the success of any organisation. This means that planning precedes all other functions like organising, directing, staffing and controlling. This is because plans state the objectives and all other functions are in accordance with those objectives. Once the plans are determined, the role of other interrelated functions comes into play. Thus, planning sets the basis for other functions of management.
iii. Pervasive - Planning must be done at all levels of an organisation. It is not just a function of the top-level managers; it should be performed at every level of management. However, its scope differs along the various dimensions of a business. For example, the top-level managers chalk out policies regarding the overall management, the middle-level managers decide upon the authority to be given to their subordinates and the lower-level managers prepare small targets for day-to-day operations.
iv. Continuous - Planning should be done continuously. This is because after the completion of one planned project, a need arises for the formulation of another plan, keeping in view new objectives and circumstances. Moreover, within a planned period, a need may arise for modifying the plans as per the changing needs and requirements. Thus, planning has no end. It is a continuous process; it continues throughout the life of an organisation.
v. Choice making - Planning is a process of making choices among different alternatives available for the attainment of the desired objectives. These alternatives are based on the path to be taken and strategies or policies to be used for the achievement of goals. Managers need to evaluate these choices thoroughly and then select the most rational scheme for achieving the set objectives.
vi. Futuristic - Planning should be futuristic in nature. This means that it should be able to foresee and analyse the future. Planning should be done to prepare the organisation to deal with any future event. Managers should be able to anticipate probable situations and take steps accordingly to cope up with those situations in an efficient manner.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Define ‘Organising’ as a function of management.
Smita had been working as an assistant manager with 'Johnson Enterprises' for the last ten years. She was very popular amongst her colleagues because of her commitment and dedication towards the work. When the manager senior to her retired, all her colleagues thought that now Smita would be promoted. But to everyone's surprise, the vacant post was filled by an outsider, Mrs Rita. Smita felt demoralised and her performance started declining. She would abstain herself often and could not meet her targets
Mrs Rita was a good leader, who would not only instruct her subordinates but would also guide and inspire them. She noticed Smita's behaviour and felt that her performance could be improved. She started involving Smita in decision making-issues related to the organisation and made her a part of a high-level joint-management committee. Smita was now punctual in office and her performance started improving.
1) Identify the function of management being performed by Rita.
2) Name the elements of the above function of management which helped Rita to improve Smita's behaviour
3) State any three features of the element identified in (ii) above
A company was manufacturing 'LED bulbs' which were in great demand. It was found that the target of producing 300 bulbs a day was not met by the employees. On analysis, it was found that the workers were not at fault. Due to electricity failure and a shortage of workers, the company was not able to achieve the set targets and alternative arrangements were needed. To meet the increased demand, the company assessed that approximately 88 additional workers were required out of which 8 would work as heads of different departments and 10 would work as subordinates under each head The required qualifications and job specifications were also enlisted. It was also decided that necessary relaxation should be given to encourage women, persons from backward and rural areas and persons with special abilities to assume responsible positions in the organisation. All efforts were made to match the ability of the applicants with the nature of work.
a. Identify the functions of management discussed above
b. State the two steps in the process of each function discussed in the above para.
c. List any two values which the company wants to communicate to the society
Importance of Staffing.
Select the proper option from the options given below and rewrite the complete sentence :
Planning is ________.
Select the proper option from the options given below and rewrite the complete sentence :
Staffing is concerned with ________.
Write a word or a phrase or a term which can substitute the following :
The function without which planning is meaningless.
Answer the following Question:
Why is Co-ordinating function important as a management function?
State with reasons whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE :
Corrective action is not possible through controlling.
State with reasons whether the following statement TRUE or FALSE:
Staffing includes human resource management.
State with reasons whether the following statement TRUE or FALSE:
Directing function is not directly related with human factor
State Whether the Following Statement Is True Or False (Give Reason).
The direction is connecting and activating links between various functions of management.
A good manager synchronises all the activities of different departments through the process ______.
Under which function of management, policies and strategies are formulated?
Planning is concerned with especially ______.
The Statement “Planning is a primary function”, suggests that ______.
"Management is a force that cannot be seen but its presence can be felt in the way the organisation functions."
Which feature has been explained in this statement of Management?
Under which of the following function of management, employees are guided and inspired:
'The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action, but when deviations are within acceptable limits no corrective action is required.'
When and why corrective action is required? State.
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Asha is living in a small village in Rajasthan. Her mother has good culinary skills. Inspired by her mother she joined a course in 'Food and Beverages Production' in Jaipur. After completing her course she asked her mother to open a sweets shop in Jaipur, to which her mother agreed. The business was doing well and had started growing. To expand her business she felt the need for additional personnel. Instead of selecting personnel from any other source she thought of helping her relatives and appointed five of them. But after doing all their efforts she found that none of her relatives were providing satisfactory service leading to lower productivity. Also, the quality of the products started deteriorating. This made Asha realize that the ability of an organisation to achieve its goals depends upon the quality of its human resources. This was ignored by her at the time of selecting the personnel for her expansion of the program. |
- Identify and state the function of management which could have helped Asha at the time of fulfilling her need for additional personnel in the organisation.
- State any three benefits of the function identified in (a) above.
