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प्रश्न
Compare the general characteristics of the first series of the transition metals with those of the second and third series metals in the respective vertical columns. Give special emphasis on the following point:
Electronic configurations
उत्तर १
The electronic configurations of the elements of the same group are generally similar.
The first transition series shows two exceptions:
Cr = 3d5 4s1 and Cu = 3d10 4s1
The second series shows more exceptions:
Mo (42) = 4d5 5s1, Tc (43) = 4d6 5s1, Ru (44) = 4d7 5s1, Rh (45) = 4d8 5s1, Pd (46) = 4d210 5s0, Ag (47) = 4d10 5s1
Similarly, the third series shows exceptions:
W (74) = 5d4 6s1, Pt (78) = 5d9 6s1 and Au (79) = 5d10 6s1
Therefore, in many cases in the horizontal series, the electronic configurations of the three series are not the same.
उत्तर २
The first transition series gradually fills 3d-orbitals, whereas the second and third transition series gradually fill 4d-orbitals and 5d-orbitals, respectively.
Notes
Students can refer to the provided solutions based on their preferred marks.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
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| Element | \[\ce{Fe}\] | \[\ce{Co}\] | \[\ce{Ni}\] | \[\ce{Cu}\] |
| Metallic radii/pm | 126 | 125 | 125 | 128 |
Match the solutions given in Column I and the colours given in Column II.
| Column I (Aqueous solution of salt) |
Column II (Colour) |
| (i) \[\ce{FeSO2.7H2O}\] | (a) Green |
| (ii) \[\ce{NiCl2.4H2O}\] | (b) Light pink |
| (iii) \[\ce{MnCl2.4H2O}\] | (c) Blue |
| (iv) \[\ce{CoC12,6H2O}\] | (d) Pale green |
| (v) \[\ce{Cu2 Cl2}\] | (e) Pink |
| (f) Colourless |
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[Ti(H2O)]3+ is coloured while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless.
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(Atomic number: Mn = 25, Co = 27, Ni = 28)
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For M2+/M and M3+/M2+systems, the EΘ values for some metals are as follows:
| Cr2+/Cr | −0.9 V |
| Mn2+/Mn | −1.2 V |
| Fe2+/Fe | −0.4 V |
| Cr3/Cr2+ | −0.4 V |
| Mn3+/Mn2+ | +1.5 V |
| Fe3+/Fe2+ | +0.8 V |
Use this data to comment upon:
The ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal.
