Selina solutions for Concise Chemistry [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 10 - Study of Compounds C - Nitric Acid [1990 edition]

What is aqua fortis?

What is aqua regia?

What is fixation of Nitrogen?

During thunderstorm, rain water contains nitric acid. Explain with reactions. 

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Give the sources of reactants used in this process.

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Name the catalyst used in the process.

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Name the oxidising agent used in this process.

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

What is the ratio of ammonia and air taken in this process?

Ammonia is used in the Ostwald process.

Why is quartz used in this process?

1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.
2. In the preparation of nitric acid from \[\ce{KNO3}\], concentrated hydrochloric acid is not used in place of concentrated sulphuric acid. Explain why?
3. Conc. nitric acid prepared in laboratory is yellow in colour. Why? How is this colour removed?
4. Give reasons for the following:
   In the laboratory preparation of nitric acid, the mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium nitrate should not be heated very strongly above 200°C.

Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of \[\ce{HNO3}\]. State the reason. 

What is passive iron? 

How is passivity removed?

Name the products formed when carbon and conc. nitric acid is heated.

Name the products formed when dilute \[\ce{HNO3}\] is added to copper.

Give two chemical equations for the following:

Reactions of nitric acid with non-metals 

Give two chemical equations for the following:

Nitric acid showing as acidic character.

Give two chemical equations for the following:

Nitric acid acting as the oxidizing agent 

Write a balanced equation and name the products formed when sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to nitric acid.

Write a balanced equation and name the products formed when cupric oxide reacts with nitric acid.

Write a balanced equation and name the products formed when concentrated nitric acid is heated.

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Sodium nitrate 

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

copper nitrate 

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Lead nitrate 

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Magnesium nitrate

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Ferric nitrate 

How will you prepare the following from nitric acid?

Aqua regia

Write equation for the following conversions A, B, C and D.

Correct the following, if required:

\[\ce{HNO3}\] is a strong reducing agent.

Correct the following, if required:

\[\ce{NaNO3}\] gives \[\ce{NO2}\] and \[\ce{O2}\] on heating.

Correct the following, if required:

Constant boiling nitric acid contains 80% nitric acid by weight.

Correct the following, if required: 

Nitric acid remains colourless even when exposed to light.

The nitrate salt which does not give a mixture of \[\ce{NO2}\] and \[\ce{O2}\] on heating is ______.

The chemical used in the brown ring test is ______.

Lead nitrate decomposes on heating to give ______.

Name a nitrate of metal which on heating does not give nitrogen dioxide 

Name a nitrate which on heating leaves no residue behind. 

Name a metal nitrate which on heating is changed into metal oxide.

Name a metal nitrate which on heating is changed into metal.

Name a solution which absorbs nitric oxide.

Name the oxide of nitrogen which turns brown on exposure to air. How is it prepared?

Mention three important uses of nitric acid. Give the property of nitric acid involved in the use.

Explain with the help of a balanced equation, the brown ring test for nitric acid. 

why is freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution used for testing the nitrate radical in the brown ring test? 

From the following list of substances, choose one substance in the case which matches the description given below:

Ammonium nitrate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, copper carbonate, lead nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, zinc carbonate.

A Substance that gives off only oxygen when heated.

From the following list of substances, choose one substance in the case which matches the description given below:

Ammonium nitrate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, copper carbonate, lead nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, zinc carbonate.

A substance which on heating decomposes into dinitrogen oxide [nitrous oxide] and steam.

From the following list of substances, choose one substance in the case which matches the description given below:

Ammonium nitrate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, copper carbonate, lead nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, zinc carbonate.

A substance which gives off oxygen and nitrogen dioxide when heated.

From the following list of substances, choose one substance in the case which matches the description given below:

Ammonium nitrate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, copper carbonate, lead nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, zinc carbonate.

A substance which on heating leaves yellow residue.

The action of heat on the blue crystalline solid X gives a reddish brown gas Y, a gas which re-lights a glowing splint and leaves a black residue. When gas Z, which has a rotten egg smell, is passed through a solution of X, a black ppt. is formed.

1. Identify X, Y and Z.
2. Write the equation for action of heat on X.
3. Write the equation between solution X and gas Z.

X, Y, and Z are three crystalline solids that are soluble in water and have common anion.
To help you to identify X, Y and Z, you are provided with the following experimental observations. Copy and complete the corresponding inferences in (a) to (e).

1. A reddish-brown gas is obtained when X, Y, and Z are separately warmed with concentrated sulphuric acid and copper turning added to the mixture.
   INFERENCE 1: The common anion is the ______ ion.
2. When X is heated, it melts and gives off only one gas which re-lights a glowing splint.
   INFERENCE 2: The cation in X is either ______ or ______.
3. The action of heat on Y produces a reddish-brown gas and yellow residue which fuses with a glass of the test tube.
   INFERENCE 3: The metal ion present in Y is the ______ ion.
4. When Z is heated, it leaves no residue. Warming Z with sodium hydroxide solution liberates a gas which turns moist red litmus paper blue.
   INFERENCE 4: Z contains the ______ cation.
5. Write the equations for the following reactions:
   1. X and concentrated sulphuric acid (below 200°C). (One equation only for either of the cations given in INFERENCE 2)
   2. The action of heat on Y.
   3. Concentrated nitric acid is added to copper turnings kept in a beaker.

Dilute nitric acid is generally considered to be a typical acid except for its reaction with metals. In what way is dilute nitric acid different from other acids when it reacts with metals?

Write the equation for the reaction of dilute nitric acid with copper.

Write the equation for the reaction of conc. nitric acid with copper.

Explain why only all-glass apparatus should be used for the preparation of nitric acid by heating concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium nitrate.

Explain why nitric acid is kept in a reagent bottle for a long time.

The figure given below illustrates the apparatus used in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.

1. Name A (a liquid), B (a solid), and C (a liquid). (Do not give the formulae).
2. Write an equation to show how nitric acid undergoes decomposition.
3. Write the equation for the reaction in which copper is oxidised by concentrated nitric acid.

A dilute acid B does not normally give hydrogen when reacted with metals but does give a gas when reacts with copper. Identify B. Write the equation with copper.

Complete the table:

What is the property of nitric acid which allows it to react with copper?

State one observation for the following:

Concentrated nitric acid is reacted with sulphur.

State one observation:

Lead nitrate is heated strongly in a test tube.

Name the gas produced when copper reacts with conc. \[\ce{HNO3}\].

State observation:

Zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated.

Correct the statement:

Magnesium reacts with nitric acid to liberate hydrogen gas.

Iron is rendered passive with fuming \[\ce{HNO3}\]. Give reason.

Give balanced equation for dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate

Identify the gas evolved when sulphur is treated with concentrated nitric acid \[\ce{NH3}\].

Identify the gas evolved when a few crystals of \[\ce{KNO3}\] are heated in a hard glass test tube

State two relevant observations for lead nitrate crystals heated in a hard glass test tube

Give a balanced equation for the following:

Oxidation of carbon with conc. Nitric acid.

Cold dil. nitric acid reacts with copper to form ______.

Give balanced equations for the following:

Laboratory preparation of nitric acid.

Write balanced equations for Action of heat on a mixture of copper and concentrated nitric acid

Identify the acid.

Which is used for the preparation of non-volatile acid.

The acid which is prepared by catalytic oxidation of ammonia.

State one relevant observation for the following:

When crystals of copper nitrate are heated in a test tube.

Explain the following:

Dil. \[\ce{HNO3}\] is generally considered a typical acid but not so in the reaction with metals.

Explain the following:
Concentrated nitric acid appears yellow when it is left standing in a glass bottle.

Explain the following:

An all-glass apparatus is used in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.