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Question
A solution of sodium chloride has no effect on litmus, but a solution of zinc chloride turns blue litmus red.
Solution
Sodium chloride does not undergo hydrolysis when dissolved in water, as it is salt of strong acid and a strong base and solution remain neutral. Zinc chloride is a salt of strong acid and weak base so it undergoes hydrolysis in water (cationic hydrolysis) forming less dissociated Zn(OH)2 (a weak base) and strong acid HCl which is almost completely dissociated. Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions increases and the solution becomes acidic and turns blue litmus red.
\[\ce{NaCl + H2O ⇌ Na+ + Cl- + H+ + OH-}\]
\[\ce{ZnCl2 + 2H2O ⇌ Zn(OH)2 + 2H+ 2Cl-}\]
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