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Question
Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is released. Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction :
`""_1^2H+_1^3H->_2^4He+n`
Using the data :
m(`""_1^2H`) = 2.014102 u
m(`""_1^3H`) = 3.016049 u
m(`""_2^4He`) = 4.002603 u
mn = 1.008665 u
1u = 931.5 MeV/c2
Solution
Nuclear fission: It is the phenomenon of splitting of a heavy nucleus (usually A > 230) into two or more lighter nuclei.
`""_92U^235+_0n^1->_56Ba^141+_36Kr^92+3_0n^1+Q`
Here, the energy released per fission of `""_92U^235` is 200.4 MeV.
Nuclear fusion: It is the phenomenon of fusion of two or more lighter nuclei to form a single heavy nucleus.
The mass of the product nucleus is slightly less than the sum of the masses of the lighter nuclei fusing together. This difference in masses results in the release of tremendous amount of energy.
Example:
`""_1H^1+_1H^1->_1H^2+e^++v+0.42 MeV`
`""_1H^2+_1H^2->_2He^3+n+3.27MeV`
`""_1H^2+_1H^2->_1H^3+_1H^1+4.03MeV`
`""_1^2H+_1^3H->_2^4He+n`
∴ Δm = (2.014102 + 3.016049) − (4.002603 + 1.008665 )
=0.018883 u
Energy released, Q = 0.018883 × 931.5 `MeV"/"_(c^2`
= 17.589 MeV
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