Name the compound formed when ethanol is heated at 443 K in the presence of conc. \[\ce{H2SO4}\] and draw its electron dot structure. State the role of conc. \[\ce{H2SO4}\] in the reaction.

Ethene is created when 443K ethanol is heated with excess concentrated sulphuric acid.The mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene is: The first step is to protonate the oxygen atom of the -OH group. The second step is the loss of a water molecule to generate carbonium ions. Deprotonation, the final step, creates a carbon-carbon double bond. \[\ce{\underset{Ethanol}{2CH3CH2OH}->[\Delta][Conc.sulphuric acid] \underset{Ethene}{2CH2 = CH2} + \underset{Water}{2H2O}}\] Sulphuric acid in concentrated form has a dehydrating effect. In light of this, ethanol is produced at 433 K with extra cone. To create ethene, \[\ce{H2SO4}\] undergoes a dehydration process.

Name the compound formed when ethanol is heated at 443 K in the presence of conc. HA2SOA4 and draw its electron dot structure. State the role of conc. HA2SOA4 in the reaction. - Science

Question

Name the compound formed when ethanol is heated at 443 K in the presence of conc. $H_{2} SO_{4}$ and draw its electron dot structure.

State the role of conc. $H_{2} SO_{4}$ in the reaction.

Answer in Brief

Solution

Ethene is created when 443K ethanol is heated with excess concentrated sulphuric acid.
The mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene is:

1. The first step is to protonate the oxygen atom of the -OH group.
2. The second step is the loss of a water molecule to generate carbonium ions.
3. Deprotonation, the final step, creates a carbon-carbon double bond.

$\underset{Ethanol}{2 CH_{3} CH_{2} OH} \to_{Conc \cdot sulphuric acid}^{Δ} \underset{Ethene}{2 CH_{2} = CH_{2}} + \underset{Water}{2 H_{2} O}$

Sulphuric acid in concentrated form has a dehydrating effect. In light of this, ethanol is produced at 433 K with extra cone. To create ethene, $H_{2} SO_{4}$ undergoes a dehydration process.