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Question
Polarity in a molecule and hence the dipole moment depends primarily on electronegativity of the constituent atoms and shape of a molecule. Which of the following has the highest dipole moment?
Options
\[\ce{CO2}\]
\[\ce{HI}\]
\[\ce{H2O}\]
\[\ce{SO2}\]
Solution
\[\ce{H2O}\]
Explanation:
The dipole moment of the molecule depends on the difference in the electronegativity of the atoms present in the structure. The dipole moment of \[\ce{CO2}\] is \[\ce{0, HI}\] is \[\ce{0.38 , H2O}\] is 1.84 and \[\ce{SO2}\] is 1.62 .
As the oxygen atom is highly electronegative and hydrogen is least electronegative, the difference in electronegativity will be highest for water molecules. Therefore, water molecules will have the highest dipole moment.
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