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Question
What is the basic idea behind Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? Explain with suitable examples.
Solution
The basic idea behind Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is the portrayal of human behaviour by arranging the various needs in a hierarchy in terms of their importance for the sustenance of an individual. They are arranged in ascending order with the fundamental needs at the base and self-actualisation at the top. The hierarchy of needs is as follows:
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The pyramid starts at the bottom with the basic physiological needs like hunger, thirst etc. A person will only be in a position to obtain other needs when his/her basic needs are fulfilled.
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The next stage represents the need to feel safe and secured in the physical and psychological sense. For example, home or any shelter that fulfils the need to be safe physically.
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Belongingness needs are related to the desire of the individual to be a part of a group, in order to have a collective consciousness. For example, being a part of family fulfils the need of belongingness and love.
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The esteem need arises during the stage where the individual wants to develop a sense of self-worth. For example, holding a position of authority adds to the self-esteem of a person.
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The need for self-actualisation occurs when a person is motivated to fully develop his/her potential. It is manifested through awareness, responsiveness, creativity etc. An instance of the same can be when individual attempts to learn new things in the middle of his/her career.
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Kavya is working in a company on the permanent basis. As per the job agreement she had to work for 8 hours a day and was free to work overtime. Kavya worked overtime. But even after working for long hours and putting in her best efforts, no recognition was given to her by her boss. Due to overtime she fell ill and had to take leave from her work. No one showed concern and enquired about her health. She realised that she was fulfilling only some of her needs while some other needs still remained to be fulfilled.
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