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Question
Write a reaction to distinguish acetaldehyde from acetone
Solution 1
Tollens’ reagent test: Acetaldehyde being an aldehyde reduces Tollens’ reagent to shining silver mirror, whereas propanone being acetone does not.
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Acetaldehyde}}{CH3CHO} + \underset{\text{Tollens’ reagent}}{2[Ag(NH3)2]+} + 3OH- -> \underset{\text{Acetate ion}}{CH3COO-} + \underset{\text{Silver metal}}{2Ag ↓} + 4NH3 + 2H2O}\]
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Acetone}}{CH3COCH3} ->[Tollens 'reagent] No silver mirror}\]
Solution 2
Fehling’s solution test: Acetaldehyde reduces Fehling’s solution to red precipitate of Cu2O whereas acetone being a ketone does not.
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Acetaldehyde}}{CH3CHO} + \underset{\text{From Fehling’s solution}}{2Cu^2+ + 5OH-} ->\underset{\text{Acetate ion}}{CH3COO-} + \underset{\text{Cuprous oxide (Red ppt.)}}{Cu2O ↓} + 3H2O}\]
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