Methods of Separation - Crystallisation Method

Topics

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
- Introduction of Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
- Nature of Chemistry
- Properties of Matter and Their Measurement
- Laws of Chemical Combination
- Dalton's Atomic Theory
- Atomic and Molecular Masses
- Mole Concept
- Moles and Gases
Introduction to Analytical Chemistry
- Introduction of Analytical Chemistry
- Analysis
- Mathematical Operation and Error Analysis
- Determination of Molecular Formula
- Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometric Calculations
- Limiting Reagent
- Concentration of a Solution
- Use of Graph in Analysis
Basic Analytical Techniques
- Introduction of Some Analytical Techniques
- Purification of Solids
- Crystallisation Method
- Fractional Crystallization
- Simple Distillation Method
- Solvent Extraction
- Chromatography Method
- Adsorption Chromatography
- Partition Chromatography
Structure of Atom
- Subatomic Particles
- Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Number
- Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones
- Drawbacks of Rutherford Atomic Model
- Bohr’s Atomic Model
- Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
- Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
Chemical Bonding
- Introduction of Chemical Bonding
- Kossel-lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding - Octet Rule
- Kossel and Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
- Kossel-lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding - Formal Charge
- Kossel-lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding - Limitations of the Octet Rule
- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
- Valence Bond Theory
- Molecular Orbital Theory
- Parameters of Covalent Bond
- Dipole Moment
- Resonance
Redox Reactions
- Introduction of Redox Reactions
- Oxidation Number
- Balancing Redox Reactions in Terms of Loss and Gain of Electrons
- Redox Reaction and Electrode Potential
Modern Periodic Table
- Introduction of Periodic Table
- Structure of the Modern Periodic Table
- Periodic Table and Electronic Configuration
- Blockwise Characteristics of Elements
- Periodic Trends in Elemental Properties
Elements of Group 1 and 2
- Hydrogen
- Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals
- Some Important Compounds of Elements of S-block
Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15
- Electronic Configuration of Elements of Groups 13, 14 and 15
- Trends in Atomic and Physical Properties of Elements of Groups 13, 14 and 15
- Chemical Properties of the Elements of the Groups 13,14 and 15
- Catenation
- Allotropy and Allotropes of Carbon
- Molecular Structures of Some Important Compounds of the Group 13, 14 and 15 Elements
- Chemistry of Notable Compounds of Elements of Groups 13, 14 and 15
States of Matter
- Introduction of States of Matter: Gaseous and Liquid States
- Intermolecular Forces
- Characteristic Properties of Gases
- The Gas Laws
- Ideal Gas Equation
- Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
- Deviation from Ideal Behaviour
- Liquefaction of Gases and Critical Constant
- Liquid State
Adsorption and Colloids
- Introduction of Adsorption
- Adsorption
- Types of Adsorption
- Factors Affecting Adsorption of Gases on Solids
- Adsorption Isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm)
- Applications of Adsorption
- Catalysis
- Adsorption Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Colloids
Chemical Equilibrium
- Introduction of Chemical Equilibrium
- Equilibrium in Physical Processes
- Equilibrium in Chemical Processes - Dynamic Equilibrium
- Law of Mass Action and Equilibrium Constant
- Homogeneous and Heterogenous Equilibria
- Characteristics of Equilibrium Constant
- Applications of Equilibrium Constants
- Le Chaterlier's Principle and Factors Altering the Composition of Equilibrium
- Industrial Application
Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity
- Introduction: Nuclear Chemistry is a Branch of Physical Chemistry
- Classification of Nuclides
- Nuclear Stability
- Radioactivity
- Radioactive Decays
- Modes of Decay
- Nuclear Reactions
- Applications of Radio Isotopes
Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
- Introduction of Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
- Structural Representation of Organic Molecules
- Classification of Organic Compounds
- Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
- Isomerism
- Theoretical Basis of Organic Reactions
Hydrocarbons
- Alkanes
- Alkenes
- Alkynes
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Basics of Food Chemistry
- Compounds with Medicinal Properties
- Cleansing Agents

Experiment

To obtain pure copper sulphate from an impure sample.

Aim: To obtain pure copper sulphate from an impure sample

Requirements: Sample, china dish, burner, filter paper.

Principle: Heating produces a saturated solution of the salt. This solution cools and its oversaturation results in the formation of copper sulphate crystals which are free of any impurities.

Procedure:

Take some (approximately 5 g) impure sample of copper sulphate in a china dish.
Dissolve it in minimum amount of water.
Filter the impurities out.
Evaporate water from the copper sulphate solution so as to get a saturated solution.
Cover the solution with a filter paper and leave it undisturbed at room temperature to cool slowly for a day.

Observation: We could obtain crystals of copper sulphate in the china dish.

Inference/ Result: Crystallisation is a process that separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution. Hence, we could obtain pure copper sulphate.

Example

What type of mixtures is separated by the technique of crystallization?

By the technique of crystallization, pure solids are separated from impurities. For example, salt obtained from sea is separated from impurities; crystals of alum (Phitkari) are separated from impure samples.

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