Topics
Introducing Biology
- Growth of Biology
- Branches of Biology
- Applied Biology
- Study of Biology Helps Us in Many Ways
- Study of Biology Helps Us in Many Ways
Basic Biology
Cell : the Unit of Life
- Cell: Structural and Functional Unit of Life
- The Invention of the Microscope and the Discovery of Cell
- Cell Theory
- Organisms Show Variety in Cell Number, Shape and Size
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
- Structure of the Cell
- Plasma Membrane
- Semi-permeable Membrane (Cell Membrane)
- Cell Wall - “Supporter and Protector”
- Cytoplasm - “Area of Movement”
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Ribosomes - "The sites of protein synthesis"
- Mitochondria - “Power House of the Cell”
- Golgi Apparatus - "The delivery system of the cell"
- Lysosome - “Suicidal Bag”
- Centrosome and Centrioles
- Plastids
- Non-living Substances Or Cell Inclusion
- Nucleus - “Brain” of the Cell
- Plant Cell and Animal Cell
- Protoplasm
- Every Activity of a Living Organism is the Outcome of Cellular Activity
Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Protective Tissue
- Simple Permanent Tissues (Supporting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissues
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Xylem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissue: Phloem Structure and Function (Conducting Tissue)
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
Flowering Plants
The Flower
Pollination and Fertilization
- Pollination
- Self Pollination (Autogamy)
- Cross Pollination
- Agents of Pollination
- Artificial Pollination
- Fertilization in Plants
- Fertilization Process
Plant Physiology
Seeds - Structure and Germination
- The Seed
- Classification and Structure of Seeds
- Structure of a Dicotyledonous Seed
- Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed
- Formation of Seed and Fruit
- Some Experiments on Germination
- Germination in Some Common Seeds
- The Seedling
Respiration in Plants
- Respiration
- Phases of Respiration: Glycolysis
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport System (Ets) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Phases of Respiration: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle Or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Phases of Respiration: Fermentation
- Production of ATP
- Respiration Vs. Burning (Combustion)
- Respiration in Plant
- Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Experiments on Respiration in Plants
- Respiration and Photosynthesis
- Organs of Respiratory Exchange
Diversity in Living Organisms / Eco Systems
Five Kingdom Classification
- Biodiversity
- Biological Classification
- Concept of Species
- Two Kingdom Classification
- Three Kingdom Classification
- Four Kingdom Classification
- Five Kingdom Classification
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Protista
- Kingdom Fungi
- Classification of Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Animalia
- Differences Between Plantae (Plants) and Animalia (Animals)
- Kingdom Plantae: Thallophyta (Algae)
- Division II- Bryophytes
- Division III- Pteridophytes
- Division I-Gymnosperms
- Division II- Angiosperms
- Phylum: Porifera
- Phylum: Cnidaria/Coelenterata
- Phylum: Platyhelminthes
- Invertebrate: Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum: Annelida
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Phylum: Mollusca
- Phylum: Echinodermata
- Subphylum -Vertebrata/Craniata
- Invertebrata and Vertebrata
- Nomenclature
- Taxonomy and Systematics
Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
- Bacteria
- Life Processes in Bacteria
- Useful Role of Bacteria in Medicine
- Useful Role of Bacteria in Agriculture
- Useful Role of Bacteria in Industry
- Harmful Role of Bacteria
- Fungi
- Economic Importance of Fungi
- Structure and Function of an Ecosystem
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Nutrition
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- Food and Its Types
- Component of Food
- Carbohydrates
- Fats (Lipids)
- Proteins
- Component of Food: Minerals
- Vitamin and Minerals
- Water
- A Balanced Diet
- Deficiency Diseases
- Diseases Due to Deficiency of Carbohydrates
- Diseases Due to Deficiency of Fats
- Diseases Due to Deficiency of Proteins
- Diseases Due to Deficiency of Vitamin
- Diseases Due to Deficiency of Minerals
Digestive System
- Need for Digestive System
- Human Digestive System
- The Mouth and Buccal Cavity
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- The Salivary Glands
- Swallowing and Peristalsis
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- Pancreas
- Absorption of Food
- The Large Intestine
- Assimilation of Food
- Liver
- Experiments on Digestion
- Test for Carbohydrates/Starch
- Test for Protein
- Test for Fats
Skeleton - Movement and Locomotion
Skin - "The Jack of All Trades"
- The Skin
- Structure of the Skin
- The Skin Proper
- Derivation of the Skin
- Skin and Heat Regulation of Body
The Respiratory System
- Respiration
- Respiration
- Production of ATP
- Human Respiratory System
- Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Parts of Respiration
- Human Respiratory System
- Mechanism of respiration-Breathing
- Capacities of the Lungs
- Inspired Air Vs. Expired Air
- Hypoxia and Asphyxiation
- Experiments on Breathing and Respiration
Health and Hygiene
Hygiene - [A Key to Healthy Life]
- Health
- Hygiene
- Types of Hygiene: Personal Hygiene
- Types of Hygiene: Public Hygiene (Community)
- Vector Borne Diseases
- Control of Disease Carriers (Vectors)
- Contamination of Water and Water Borne Diseases
- Waterborne Diseases Caused by Bacteria
- Waterborne Diseases Caused by Virus
- Protozoan Diseases
Diseases : Cause and Control
Aids to Health
- Health
- Types of Hygiene: Personal Hygiene
- Types of Hygiene: Public Hygiene (Community)
- Immunity
- Defence System in Our Body: Local Defence System
- Defence System in Our Body: Immune System
- Vaccination and Immunization
- Antitoxins
- Antiseptics and Disinfectants
- Antibiotics
- Sulphonamide Group of Medicines
Health Organisation
- Common Health Problems in India
- Categories of Health Organisation
- International Bodies: Red Cross
- International Bodies: WHO (World Health Organisation)
Waste Generation and Management
- Waste and Its Categories
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste
Vegetative Propagation
Biotechnology Applications
- Introduction
- Modes of Nutrition
- Types of Nutrients
Introduction:
| Term | Nutrient | Nutrition |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Any substance that helps in the growth and development of the body. | The process of getting or delivering food is required for development and health. |
| Details | Nutrients are components of food needed by the body in the right quantities. | It involves how organisms receive food and water to grow, maintain body functions, reproduce, and act. |
| Examples | Includes proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, water, and fibres. | The study of food, nutrients, and their effects on health, including nutrient needs and food intake methods. |
| Importance | Essential for living, growing, and maintaining health. | It helps organisms get the necessary nutrients to support growth, health, and body functions. |
Modes of Nutrition:
- Autotrophic Nutrition: Some organisms, like plants, can make their own food. They do this by using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce food through a process called photosynthesis. This ability to create their own food is called autotrophic nutrition. Examples of organisms with autotrophic nutrition are plants and some bacteria.
- Heterotrophic Nutrition: Other organisms cannot make their own food, so they depend on other organisms (plants or animals) for food. This type of nutrition is called heterotrophic nutrition. Animals, including humans, are examples of heterotrophs because they rely on plants and other animals for their nutrition.
Need for Nutrition:
- To supply the energy required for doing work.
- Growth and development of the body.
- To replace the damaged cells and repair tissues.
- To fight diseases.
Types of Nutrients:
1. Macronutrients: These are nutrients that our body needs in large amounts.
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy.
- Proteins: Help in the growth and repair of tissues.
- Fats: Provide energy and store it for future use.
2. Micronutrients: These are nutrients that our body needs in very small amounts
- Minerals: Help in bone growth, making enzymes, and keeping the body healthy.
- Vitamins: Help in various body functions, like protecting the body from diseases.
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